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(a) (1): the girl, the boy, the old lady, little Tom, he; (2): saw, found, got, sold;

(3): some books, a new car, a cat, a pair of shoes, them; (b) (1): Mary, the little boy, the nice girl, he, John; (2): runs fast, studies hard, sings very well, writes carefully.

3. Label each constituent in the following diagrams with an appropriate category.

(a)

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(b)

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4. Identify the ultimate constituents, constituents and immediate constituents in the following sentences:

(a) Little Jill sang well.

In Sentence (a), the ultimate constituents are little, Jill, sang and well. The constituents are Little Jill, Jill, sang well, sang and well. Little Jill and sang well are the ICs of Little Jill sang well; Little and Jill, the ICs of Little Jill; sang and well, the ICs of sang well.

(b) John was at home.

In Sentence (b), the ultimate constituents are John, was, at and home. The constituents are John, was at home, was, at home, at and home. John and was at home are the ICs of John was at home; was and at home, the ICs of was at home; at and home, the ICs of at home.

5. Point out the mistakes in the following phrase markers and make corrections if necessary.

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(a)

(b)

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