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家庭教养方式与儿童问题行为关系的研究

——以绿港家园幼儿园为例

摘要

本文旨在找出父母教养方式与儿童问题行为的关系，从不同角度出发找到主要影响因素并提出教育建议，从而帮助儿童预防或减少问题行为的发生。采用Achenbach 儿童行为量表和家庭教养方式问卷对绿港家园幼儿园大班幼儿（5-6岁）及其父母进行调查，其次通过在幼儿园进行实地调查观察样本儿童出现的问题行为。最后将整理出来的结果进行归类将典型儿童的问题行为向家长反馈，实行访谈法和案例分析法在一定条件下进行家访，从而得出

1. 5-6岁男童问题行为发生概率与女童行为问题的发生概率具有显著差异。 2父母对于与其不同性别的儿童的教养方式有很不同。母亲主导的家庭教养方式中男童出现问题行为的数值高，父亲主导的家庭教养方式中女童出现问题行为的数值高。

3父母所受教育水平在一定程度上与他们自身对于教养方式的选择有影响。父母的受教育水平越高，就更趋向于选择民主型教养方式

4.父母所受教育和水平在一定程度上对儿童的问题行为的产生有影响。其中不成熟和社会退缩所受到的影响最为明显。

5.父母所选择的家庭教养方式与儿童问题行为的产生具有一定的相关性。父亲对女童溺爱型教养方式与女童产生的社交退缩、抑郁和不成熟的问题行为呈现出显著正相关的关系，而母亲在对于男童施行的放任、不一致或是溺爱型教养方式与男童产生的暴力、不成熟和违纪的问题行为之间呈现出显著正相关的关系。

因此提出教育建议，如让父母重视自身的角色重要性，对儿童的成长担负责任；在日常生活中多陪伴儿童，注意儿童性格行为的养成；父母双方都应该在儿童成长早期建立合理恰当的教养方式，夫妻意见应趋于平衡，对儿童的教育意见应该统一从而减轻父母教养方式对儿童问题行为产生的消极影响。

关键词：父母教养方式；儿童问题行为；主导

A Study on the Relationship between Parenting styles And the Problem

Behaviors of children

——A case Study on Lvgang Kindergarten of Beijing

Abstract

This paper aims to find out the relationship between parenting and child behavior, find the main influencing factors from different angles and put forward educational suggestions to help children prevent or reduce the occurrence of problem behavior. (5-6 years old) and their parents were investigated by the Achenbach Children's Behavior Scale and the Family Rearing Questionnaire. Secondly, the behavior of the children was observed by field survey in kindergarten. Finally, the results will be sorted out the typical children's problem behavior to the parents feedback, the implementation of interviews and case analysis under certain conditions for home visits,

1. There is a significant difference in the probability of occurrence of problem-related problems between boys and girls.

2. Parents are very different about the way they have different children. Mother-dominated parental rearing patterns in which the problem of high-value behavior in the parent, the father-dominated parental rearing pattern of girls in the problem of high value of behavior.

3 .The level of parental education has a certain degree of influence with their own choice of parenting style. The higher the level of parental education, the more tend to choose the democratic rearing style

4. Parents' education and levels have a certain impact on the behavior of children. Which is not mature and social retreat affected by the most obvious.

5. Parental choice of family rearing patterns and children's behavior has a certain correlation. Fathers have a significant positive correlation with girls' social retreats, depression and immature problems, and the mother's laissez-faire, inconsistent, or spoiled parenting practices are associated with boys There is a significant positive correlation between the behavior of violence, immaturity and discipline.

So that education recommendations, such as parents to attach importance to the importance of their role, the responsibility for the growth of children; in daily life more children, pay attention to the development of children's character behavior; both parents should be in the early growth of children to establish a reasonable and appropriate Parenting should be balanced, and the educational opinions of children

should be unified so as to reduce the negative impact of parental rearing on children's behavior.

Key Words: parental rearing style，child behavior，leading 一、问题提出 （一）选题由来 1．既有研究的不足

父母的教养方式对于儿童问题行为的影响的有关研究大多都是西方学者提出的理论结果，中国教育学界对于此问题的研究还主要集中于青少年，随着全球化的发展，中国教育界接受了很多西方元素，但西方的研究结果因为中西方文化固有的差异，不能全部应用到中国儿童的问题行为的解决上。

现阶段国内关于儿童问题行为与家庭教养方式的研究只是局限于研究父母的不当教养方式造成了儿童的问题行为，而没有深刻地发掘出儿童的问题行为与父母教养方式的反作用。

父母的严厉管教和儿童心理承受能力成为现有研究对于儿童问题行为的形成的主要探究元素，大部分研究忽视了家庭气氛、夫妻关系、父母共同教养和谐度、教养中的过度体罚现象对于儿童问题行为的重要影响。

2．本研究的创新点

结合西方对于儿童问题行为与父母教养方式的关系得出的结论，考虑中国现实国情和传统文化，提出能够通过改善父母教养方式或是纠正儿童问题行为的建议。

从儿童自身的因素、周围环境因素和父母教养方式的三者相互作用的交叉点出发，重视儿童问题行为对于父母教养方式的反作用，从而提出改善问题的教育建议。

将调查问卷中发现的父母不良教养方式，例如僵持的家庭气氛、不和谐的夫妻关系、父母共同教养思路不统一等因素综合起来研究不适合儿童的教养方式对于儿童问题行为的影响。

（二）研究意义 1．理论意义

本研究具体探究儿童问题行为与家庭教养方式的关系。本研究归类了不同性