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Unit 1 重点语法

教学目标：掌握介词引导的方式状语和动名词的用法

1. 介词引导的方式状语 ( 1 ) by + 名词或动名词，意为“通过......”。“by + doing”结构在句中做方式状语，常用来表示“以，靠，借助，通过，用”某种方法或手段达到某种预期的目的。如：

I made a coat with my own hands. It was made by hand, not by machine. You can realize your dream by working hard.

( 2 ) “with + 名词”表示用某种工具或身体的某个器官。如： He often writes with his left hand.

( 3 ) “through + 名词”指方法和手段时，意为“经由；通过；以。”如： We can see many stars in the sky through telescopes. ( 4 ) “in + 名词”表示用某种材料或语言。如： Can you translate this sentence in English?

( 5 ) “in + 名词”表示通过电视、广播、互联网等进行学习研究或查询。如： I have learned many English songs on TV。

2. 动名词的用法

动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词，它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。其用法如下:

( 1 ) 做主语。 谓语动词用单数形式。如： Reading is an art.

( 2 ) 做宾语。在动词或动词短语enjoy, finish, exercise, can’t help, be busy等介词短语 be fond of , get used to等后面必须用动名词做宾语。如： When you finish reading, please hand back the book. We are busy preparing for the coming sports meeting. ( 3 ) 做表语。动名词做表语时，句子主语常常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句，做表语的动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语和表语可以互换位置。 如： Your task is cleaning the windows. = Cleaning the windows is your task.

( 4 ) 做定语。动名词做定语，总是位于被修饰的名词之前，表示被修饰的事物的某种用途。如：

washing machine 洗衣机 reading room 阅览室

专项提升

一、选词填空

1. Her mother goes to work _______ ( on/ by ) bus every morning.

2. The two kids practice spoken English _______ ( by/ with ) joining the English club. 3. _______ ( To watch/ Watching ) movies is a popular way for many people to relax. 4. As we know, it’s not polite to keep others ______ ( wait/ waiting ) for a long time.

5. Jane, come in and sit _______ ( between / by ) me. 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空

1. Do you often memorize new words by _______ ( make ) vocabulary lists? 2. Can you finish _______ ( do ) your homework before nine o’clock?

3. Don’t worry about _______ ( make ) mistakes when you talk to foreigners in English.

4. _______ ( help ) each other at school is a way to improve our friendship. 5. We have worked for three hours. Let’s stop _______ ( work ) and have a rest.

三、用by的相关短语完成下列句子，每空一词。

1. I think the best way to learn English is _______ _______ ________ ________ （通过磁带）.

2. Henry was sitting over there _______ _______ ________ （在窗户旁）. 3. Shall we go _______ _______ （乘火车）?

4. The trees _______ _______ ________ （沿河边）are all very tall. 5. John is afraid to stay at home _______ _______ （他自己）.

四、根据汉语意思完成句子

1. 我通过听磁带并大声重复来练习听力。

I practice listening _______________________________________ 2. 她是通过向老师请教来学习化学的。

She studied _____________________________________________ 3. 你通过参加物理俱乐部的方式学习物理吗?

Did you study ___________________________________________ 4. 谁通过记笔记来学习语法？

Who learns grammar _____________________________________

答案： 一、

1. by 2. by 3. Watching 4. waiting 5. by 二、

1. making 2. doing 3. making 4. Helping 5. working 三、

1. by listening to tapes 2. by the window 3. by train 4. by the river 5. by himself 四、

1. by listening to a tape and repeating out aloud 2. chemistry by asking the teacher for help 3. physics by joining a physics club 4. by taking notes