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the water.
26. The WIPO is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Geneva.
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※<第五章>
Chapter 5
Ⅰ. Answer Questions
Directions: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary. 1. How do you understand Leech’s remarks on page 76?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of impersonal style? 3. Why Englishmen tend to use impersonal subject? 4. What terms can serve as impersonal subject?
5. What’s your opinion on the use of structure of impersonal subject and animate predicate? 6. Why Chinese tend to use personal subjects and predicates? 7. What is the relationship between impersonality and formality?
8. What are the advantages of freedom in selection of subjects in translating?
9. How will the problem be solved in Chinese that an agent of action is unknown or absent? 10. What relationships are there between passive voice and impersonal style? Ⅱ. Fill in the Blanks
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook. 11. 物称表达法的优点是 ， 缺点是 。 12. 人称表达法的优点是 ， 缺点是 。
13. 物称作主语的情况一般有三，即： 、 和 。 14. 常用“无灵主语”搭配“有灵动词”。
15. 物称主语常常与 语态搭配使用，这样造成客观正式的感觉。 16. 在汉英转换中，用 代替 常常是一种有效的手段。
Ⅲ.Translate between E/C Languages
Directions: Translate the Chinese/English sentences into their target language. Pay attention to the choice of impersonal
subject which makes a coherent and brief sentence. Try to make your translation brief. 17. 四川省有座峨眉山，山顶有个舍身塔。 18. 门口站着两个卫兵，严峻冷漠。 19. 远处山谷里有一条河从山上流下来。 20. 台上坐着主席团。
21. 将来中国富强了，也永远不称霸。
22. 在单位，他教训手下，在家里，老婆教育他。 23. 我爱别人， 别人也爱我， 我想要是就是这些。 24. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢？ 25. 众所周知，狗是永远成不了猫的。 26. 她打开窗户让新鲜空气进来。 27. 我不敢肯定伤员是否能抢救过来。 28. 很高兴收到来信。 29. 去把头发剪了。
30. 我们已经把计划做好了。
31. 可把我累坏了。
32. 他把那小女孩吓得哭了。. 33. 这天气把人热得睡都睡不好。 34. 有人。
35. 有七八个领奖的人。
36. 有机会就抓住，不能迟疑。 37. She paid another visit to the SummerPalace.
38. The news broadcasting made no mention of the riot.
39. She had high praiseof Dr. Hopkins, though she had no idea of his theory. 40. He went away with the lights on. 41. Don’t forget have your shoes on.
5
※<第六章>
Chapter 6
Ⅰ. Answer Questions
Directions: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary. 1. Please retell Baker’s remarks on page 86.
2. What are the agentive reasons（施事原因） for use of passive structure? 3. In what syntactic consideration will a passive structure be required to use? 4. What rhetoric effects the use of passive structure is aimed to achieve? 5. In what text genres passive structure is regularly used?
6. How many types can texts be classified into in terms of functions? What are they? 7. What are the disadvantages of passive structure?
8. Why the use of passive structure is limited in Chinese?
9. What means are there in Chinese language to avoid passive structure? 10. How would the problem be solved when agent is absent?
Ⅱ. Fill in the Blanks
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook.
11. 英语中多采用被动结构的原因有 原因、 要求， 考虑和 需要。
12. 被动结构常用于信息类文体，这类问题主要有 文体、 文体、 文体和
文体。
13. 意义被动式是指用 结构表达 意义。
14. 汉语中避免使用被动结构的方法有： 、 、 和 。
Ⅲ.Translate between E/C Languages
Directions: Translate the Chinese/English sentences into their target language. Pay attention to whether active or
passive voice should be applied. Try to make your translation brief. 15. 埃德加斯诺因为同情红色中国而遭到迫害。 16. 他们受到热烈的欢迎。
17. 他的建议已经为政府所接受。 18. 几天时间这个国家就武装起来了。
19. 大火把整家旅馆给毁了。
20. 自然光实际是由许多颜色组成的。 21. 大坝使江河得到控制。 22. 最终达成了一项协议。
23. 你最好在月底之前把这台机器修好。 24. The bowl is broken.
25. The house was surrounded by trees.
26. We would be outdated by the developing world if we stop progressing. 27. My glasses were taken away.
28. The danger of global nuclear war has been greatly reduced.
29. Some people are toiled to death，some worried to death and some bored to death. 30. The pilots were trained in Florida.
31. His body was found at the end of the road. 32. Voltage is not controlled with this switch.
33. A new oil field with storage of more than 1000 million tons was found in Tangshan, Hebei
Province.
34. No work can be done without energy.
35. The President was asked why he had ordered to attack Iraq on basis of false intelligences. 36. He was shown around the park near the camp.
37. He was given a dinner in his honor during his trip to China.
38. It must be pointed out that we have fully carried out the duty on my part stipulated in the
contract.
39. Flint was used in pottery industry. 40. She was blamed for her sister’s fault. 41. The ship was destined for Shanghai. 42. I am afraid that I will be laughed at. 43. Rockets have been widely used in exploration of the universe.
5
※<第七章>
Chapter 7
Ⅰ. Answer Questions
Directions: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary. 1. Please retell the English passage on page 106.
2. Why stative expressions occur more in English than in Chinese?
3. What is nominalization? What are its advantages in sentence arrangement?
4. What are the disadvantages of nominalization? Demonstrate them with some examples. 5. How agentive nouns can be used for replacement of verbs?
6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of nouns in replacement of adjectives in
headline phrases?
7. How many ways are possible in descriptions of action, activity or changing state? 8. Why dynamic expressions are more used in Chinese language?
9. How to succeed in translation between stative and dynamic expressions? 10. What characterizes Chinese repetition and parallel of verbs?
Ⅱ. Fill in the Blanks
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook. 11. 名词化是指用 来表达原来属于 表达的概念。
12. 英语常采用抽象表达法的原因有三，一是 ，二
是 ，三是因为本身有很多虚化手段。
13. 英语中一词多义的现象十分普遍，如power 一词可以表示 、 、 和
等。
14. 句子过多使用抽象名词容易造成冗长、死板的印象，若用 ，则可使句自显得轻松、活泼。 15. a hard worker 若用句子可表示为： 。 16. 常常造成介词在使用频率上的优势。
Ⅲ.Translate between E/C Languages
Directions: Translate the Chinese/English sentences into their target language. Pay attention to the conversion of part of
speeches between verb, noun, preposition, adjective and adver . Try to make your translation brief. 17. 他表示希望再到中国来。 18. 这表明他主要关心的是政治。
19. 他是个骗子,这种可能性总是存在的。 20. 我们不得不面对这样的事实：前景不妙。 21. 按我表哥约翰的说法，伦敦这个时候最漂亮。
22. I treated you as distinguished guests. 23. He mistook Mr. Wang for his uncle. 24. I am really angry.
25. Pass me this salt, please. 26. They are politely sad.
27. China denied up-floating its RMB exchange rate as expected. 28. Yet, the fact that I was alive was ignored.
29. There was the possibility that a small electrical spark might by pass the most careful made
circuit.
5
※<第八章>
Chapter 8
Ⅰ. Answer Questions
Directions: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary. 1. How do you think about Young’s remarks on page 128?
2. Why abstract expressions are widely used in English language? 3. Is there any grammatical reason for the English expression trend? 4. What grammatical means are available to form abstract nouns?
5. What is polysemy(一词多义)? Give some examples of word with poleseme. 6. Why abstract expression is not prevailing in Chinese language?
7. How to concrete the abstract English expression in Chinese specific ones? 8. How to avoid abusive use of abstract words?
9. What advantages do abstract expressions have? 10. Name some examples of abstract formulation.
Ⅱ. Fill in the Blanks
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook.
11. 英语抽象的表达法主要体现在 。 12. 英语有大量的词义虚化手段，比如hood可以表示 、 、 和
等。
13. 一般说来，英语词义内涵比较广泛，词的用法比较灵活， 和 的
现象非常普遍。
14. 与英语相比，汉语用词倾向具体，常常以 的形式表达 的概念。
15. 在英汉转换中，汉语常用 、 、 等 手段来
表达英语的抽象意义： Ⅲ.Translate between E/C Languages
Directions: Translate the Chinese/English sentences into their target language. Pay attention to the use of certain
functional words for signification of actions and the ascertainment of word meaning in terms of polysemy. Try to make your translation brief.
16. 我回家去吃中饭。 17. 我不是来赚钱的。
18. 观众热烈鼓掌要那位明星出来。
19. 第二天早晨，她腋下夹者几本书回来了。 20. 我们应当起来保卫自己的合法权力。
21. 周恩来笑了起来，说：“一点点”，一面说，一面用食指和拇指比画着。
22. 她抱住女儿的头痛哭。他拉过一把椅子放在客人的背后。暑假他坐火车去西安参观。 23. The doctor was having an operation.
24. The plant has been in operation for some months. 25. The men are making black-market operation. 26. The operation of the drug lasted for two hours.
27. Special mechanical operation is available in this machine-tool. 28. The military operation was conducted for testing new weapons. 29. We have learned the four operations. 30. The store is in their operation.
31. We are leaving from the station at six o’clock. 32. He left his family three months ago. 33. I must go back; I’ve left my keys. 34. Leave the washing to tomorrow. 35. Nothing has been left after the flood.
36. They left three children to me while they were in happy holidays. 37. Leave my hair go!
38. Two from five leaves three.
39. Since World War Ⅱ, the US has been the world’s largest economy.
40. The US and China both demonstrates the potential of trade to improve the lives of our people. 41. There is more to their life than political and social and economic problems; more than transient
everydayness.
42. In fact, those powerless can never benefit from the power generated from the Dam.