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50 Some people don’t believe the software grading system can do as good a job as human graders.

51 Critics of automated essay scoring do not seem to know the true realities in leses famous university.

52 Critics argue many important aspects of effective writing cannot measured by computer rating programs.

53 As class size grows, most teachers are unable to give student valuable comments as to how to improve their writing.

54 The automated assessment technology is sometimes used to double check the work of human graders.

55 Students find instant feedback helps their learning considerably.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage One

Question 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree

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are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-education well off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individual and society, are profound.

The world is facing as astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.

But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where

well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.

That even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age

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because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity. Do not necessarily decline with age.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56、what is happening in the workforce in rich countries? A. younger people are replacing the elderly B. well-educated people tend to work longer C. unemployment rates are rising year after year D. people with no college degree do not easily find work

57、what has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and poor? A. Longer life expectancies

B. Profound changes in the workforce C. rapid technological advance. D. A growing number of well-graduated.

58、what do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?

A. Economic growth will slow down. B. Government budgets will increase.

C. More people will try to pursue higher education

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D. There will be more competition in the job market.

59、What is the result of policy changes in European countries? A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early. B. more people have to receive in-service training.

C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement. D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.

60、What is characteristic of work in the 21st century? A. Computers will do more complicated work. B. More will be taken by the educated young. C. Most jobs to be done will be creative ones. D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age.

Passage Two

Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.

Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines.One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops.A new study by the University of

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Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.

The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat corn and soybeans(大豆). They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that tood place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.

There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world’s most populous(人口多的) countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse. Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soyabeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soyabeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that “we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.”

The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued.

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