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考研长难句解析
1. The American economic system is,organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. 【词汇】
private-enterprise:n. 民营企业 market-oriented:adj. 以市场为导向 【句式分析】
句子主干为The American economic system is market-oriented economy;organized around a basically private-enterprise过去分词短语作定语,修饰economic system;in which引导定语从句,修饰market-oriented economy;在定语从句中,主谓成分是consumers largely determine;what引导的宾语从句做determine的宾语成分;in the marketplace做地点状语;for引导的介词短语做目的状语,“在市场上消费是为了......”;在for引导的介词短语中包含一个定语从句,由that引导的定语从句修饰those goods and services。 【翻译】
美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的,在这种经济中,消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. 【词汇】
demand of要求…,需求…; couple with与…连接在一起 the desire of...的欲望 maximize最大化 income收入,所得,收益 be used to do被用来做 【句式分析】
本句是强调句式it is...that...,真正的主语是the demand of individual consumers;过去分词短语coupled with引导了由and连接的两个并列成分即the desire of
businessmen to maximize profits和the desire of individuals to maximize their income;谓语是 determine,后面由and连接了两个并列的宾语从句,即由what引导的宾语从句和how引导的宾语从句;in the American economic system是地点状语。 【翻译】
因此,在美国的经济体系中,个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合,一起决定了什么应该被制造,以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increasethe supplyoffered by seller-producers, whichin turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. 【词汇】
on the other hand:在另一方面
commodity:n. 商品; 日用品; 有价值的物品 in turn:依次; 轮流地; 相应地 permit:v. 准许; 放任; 允许,容许 【句式分析】
句子的主干为this will tend to increase the supply;if引导条件状语从句,在从句中,主谓成分为producing more of a commodity results in...;主句中过去分词offered做后置定语修饰the supply;which引导非限定性定语从句,修饰前面的主句。 【翻译】
另一方面,如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降,那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商的供给,而这也会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。