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2009年05月catti二级笔译实务真题

一、Interpret（本大题2小题．每题25.0分，共50.0分。 Interpret the following passage from English to Chinese. You will hear this signal to tell you when you start interpreting） 第1题

Development of the City

Whatever the particular circumstances of a city, though, its vigour was likely to be affected by technological change. Just as it was improvements in farming that brought about the surpluses that made possible the first fixed settlements, so it was improvements in transport that made possible the development of trade on which the prosperity of so many cities depended. Other technological changes made it possible to survive in a city. The Romans, for instance, constructed aqueducts to bring fresh water to their towns and sewers to provide sanitation.

But only the rich benefited. Most Romans, and many city-dwellers throughout history, lived in squalor, and many died of it. Towns were crowded and insanitary; people were often malnourished; and disease spread fast. Though cities grew in size and number for long periods, they could decline and fall, too. Between 1000 and 1300 Europe's urban

population more than doubled, to about 70m (thanks partly to a new system of crop rotation, made possible by better tools). Then, with the Black Death, it fell by a quarter. Country people died too, but the city-dwellers were especially vulnerable. Their health depended above all on clean water and sanitation, which few had, and cheap soap and medicines, which had yet to be invented.

Not surprisingly, the next big change in the development of the city also turned on a leap in technology: the invention of engines and

manufacturing machinery. The Industrial Revolution did nothing at first to make urban life easier, but it did provide jobs—lots of them. With the new factories of the industrial age that began in the late 18th century was born an entirely new urban era. Peasants left the land in their multitudes to live in new cities, first in the north of England, then all over Europe and North America. By 1900, 13% of the world's population had become urban. 【正确答案】：

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城市的发展

不论一个城市的具体情况如何，其生命力是最易受技术发展的影响的。农业技术进步产生了剩余物资，使最早的定居生活成为了可能，而交通方面的进步也使贸易发展成为了可能，许多城市的繁荣也就依赖于这些贸易发展。其他的技术进步又使人们在城市中得以生存。比方说，古罗马人就建造了引水渠给他们的城市引入清水，也建造了下水管道来保证环境卫生。

但这只是让富人阶层受益。大部分罗马人和历史上众多城市的居民都生活在肮脏恶劣的环境中，许多人因此死去。城市既拥挤又不卫生，居民往往营养不良，疾病会迅速传播。尽管从长期来看，城市的规模会扩大、数量会增长，但城市也会衰落沦亡。从公元1000年到1300年，欧洲的城市人口增长了一倍多，达到七千万左右(部分是由于先进工具的出现，使新的轮作耕种成为了可能)。接着，黑死病流行，人口锐减了四分之一。乡村的人口也会因病死去，但城市的居民更为脆弱。他们的健康首先依赖于清洁的水和卫生条件，但没有多少人拥有这些，而且，低价的肥皂和药品那时还没有发明呢。

毫无意外地，接下来城市发展的巨大变化也使技术产生了飞越：发明了发动机和大规模的生产机械。工业革命刚开始时丝毫没有使城市生活变得轻松，但确实提供了相当多的就业机会。随着18世纪末工业时期新工厂的出现，崭新的城市时代开始了，大量农民离开土地，到新城市生活，最先到英格兰北部、继而扩展到整个欧洲和北美。到1900年，13%的世界人口成为了城市居民。 第2题

A Different Consensus

Even as the U.S. Senate debates a vast new tax and spend regime in the name of fighting climate change, a more instructive argument was taking place in Copenhagen, Denmark. Some of the world's leading economists met earlier this month to decide how to do the most good in a world of finite resources.

Scarcity is a core economic concept. There isn't an unlimited amount of money to be spent on every problem, so choices have to be made. The question addressed by the Copenhagen Consensus Center is what investments would do the most good for the most people. The center's blue-ribbon panel of economists, including five Nobel laureates, weighed more than 40 proposals to improve the world by spending a total of $75 billion over the next four years.

What would do the most good most economically? Supplements of vitamin A and zinc for malnourished children.

Number two? A successful outcome to the Doha Round of global flee-trade talks.

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Global warming mitigation? It ranked 30th, or last, right behind global warming mitigation research and development.

On the benefits of freer trade, it was estimated that a successful Doha Round could generate up to $113 trillion in new wealth during the 21st century, at a cost of $420 billion or less from inefficient industries going bust. Meanwhile, providing vitamin A and zinc would help some 112 million children in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia for merely $60 million a year. The minerals would help prevent blindness and stunted growth—increasing lifetime productivity by an estimated $1 billion. Similar if not quite so bountiful returns apply to investments in iron supplements, salt iodization and deworming, all low-cost measures that the economists in Copenhagen ranked highly.

【正确答案】：

不一样的共识

就在美国参议院讨论一个庞大的新税收和支出制度以应对气候变化时，丹麦的哥本哈根提出了一个更具指导意义的论点。一些世界顶级的经济学家在本月早些时候碰头，以确定如何最好地运用有限的资源。

“短缺”是经济学的核心概念。没有无限量的资金用于解决每个问题，关键是选择。哥本哈根共识中心指出，问题在于投入的资金如何能满足最多人的最大需求。中心那些拥有最高荣誉的经济学专家们(其中包括五位诺贝尔奖获得者)对四十多个改善全球的提议做出评估，并将在未来4年内投入750亿美元落实这些提议。

最好的、最经济的方法是什么? 给营养不良的孩子补充维生素A和锌。 第二种呢? 多哈回合全球自由贸易谈判获得成功。

缓解全球变暖?位列第30，也就是最末一位，它的前一位是缓解全球变暖的研究和开发。

关于自由贸易所能带来的收益，据估计，多哈回合谈判成功能够在21世纪带来高达113万亿美元的财富增长，代价只是价值4200亿美元或更少的运转不良的行业走向末路。 同时，每年仅需6000万美元就能为撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚地区的约1.12亿儿童提供维生素A和锌。矿物质有助于预防失明和发育障碍，增加的终生生产力寿命估计为10亿美元。即使铁补充剂、食盐加碘和驱虫等所有被哥本哈根的经济学家们排在靠前位置的低成本的措施的投资回报没有这么丰厚，也相差不多。 二、Interpret（本大题2小题．每题25.0分，共50.0分。Interpret the following passage from Chinese to English. You will hear this signal to tell you when you start interpreting） 第1题

一个正在高速实现工业化和城市化的发展中大国，内部需求特别是消费需求持续不振，显然不是短期政策因素，而是反映了整体的经济和社会结构失衡。步

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