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daily health -- whether or not you've feeling well on any given day. It also manifests itself in things like ulcers, heart disease -- police officers tend to have a higher rate of heart disease and ulcers than people in other professions.
Interviewer: Really? That's documented?
Sam: Yes, it's documented. And also the divorce rate among police officers is much higher.
Interviewer: Is there something that the police department does to help you deal with this stress?
Sam: Yes, there are several programs that most police departments have in place. One is an exercise program where some part of your day is spent on some type of physical exercise. They've found that's a great stress reducer. Besides, there's also a psychological program with counseling for officers to help them reduce their stress. And there are several discussion groups as well. They've found that sometimes just sitting around and talking about the stress with other officers helps to reduce it. So, those things are available.
Interviewer: And what do you do, personally, to help you deal with the stress of your job, Sam?
Sam: Well, during the baseball season, I'm the biggest baseball fanatic, and I will either be reading about baseball, or listening to baseball, or watching baseball. Another thing I try to do is to get some sort of exercise every day. And then I work hard at keeping up my personal relationships, especially my relationship with my wife. Fortunately I get along very well with my wife. When I come back home, I can talk about my day with her, and then just forget about it.
Exercise 1:
Statements:
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
1. The dialogue is mainly about how police officers can deal with stress. 2. According to Sam, most police officers enjoy good health. 3. According to Sam, the divorce rate among police officers is higher than among people in other jobs.
4. Counseling is the most effective program to help police officers relieve stress.
5. Sam knows how to reduce his stress.
Exercise 2:
1. ... One is an exercise program, another is a psychological program with counseling for officers. And there are several discussion groups as well for officers to sit down and talk about their stress with other officers.
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2. 2)...He tries to get some sort of exercise every day.
3)...his personal relationships, especially his relationships with his wife.
Part C
Short Conversations
1. M: You look so nervous, Rose. Are you all right? W: Frankly speaking, I'm on pins and needles. I have to give a presentation to a group of important visitors this afternoon. Q: Why does Rose feel nervous?
2. M: You look so upset, Sue. What's worrying you?
W: My son Jack made me extremely unhappy. He seems to be playing video games all the time. Whenever I talk to him he turns a deaf ear to me. Q: What's the woman's problem?
3. W: David, you don't look happy. Anything wrong? M: Well, you know, my mother died three years ago. And since then my father has lived in an apartment on his own and has very few friends. Q: What is David worrying about?
4. W: Michael, I don't know what has happened to Mother. Her memory seems to be going. I have to remind her of almost everything. M: Don't worry, Mary. She's just getting old. Q: What do you know about Mary?
5. W: I'm worried about sending my son Peter to college. You see, nowadays many college students behave rather strangely. They don't seem to be interested in their studies.
M: Just a few. Most students still concentrate on their studies. Q: What can you infer from the man's response?
Exercise:1. d
2. d 3. d 4. b 5. c
Part D
Finding Creative Outlets for Very Stressful Times
Beautifying your home is a fun and practical pastime that can offer a wonderful sense of accomplishment. Few people may realize, however, that painting the walls, knitting bedspreads or sewing pillows can help relieve the life pressures we all experience.
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Studies indicate that engaging in creative endeavors such as sewing and crafting can lower one's risk of stroke, kidney damage and heart disease.
These calming, repetitive activities relax the mind and can lower blood pressure. Sharing such activities can also be a way to spend time with loved ones, which increases our sense of belonging and further reduces stress.
People have always turned to working with their hands in times of stress. Handicraft works, with their symbols of hope, have a far greater impact when created by groups.
Keep in mind the following tips to increase the stress-relieving benefits of your craft projects:
Exercise:
1) the walls, bedspreads 2) pillows
3) handicraft works
4) framing, favorite photos 5) kitchen curtain
Statements:
1. Work with materials that stimulate the senses; work in a comfortable area without distractions; play your favorite music. 2. Make a family project of selecting your favorite photos, and frame them so they can be enjoyed every day. In stressful times, the photos can lift your spirits as you recall happy moments.
3. If your schedule is hectic, choose a practical project that will make the most of crafting time. If a simple kitchen curtain needs to be replaced, start there.
Change sometimes compels us to see things in new ways.
Questions:
1. According to the passage, what is one of the benefits of engaging in creative endeavors?
2. How does the speaker characterize activities such as sewing and crafting?
3. How can the stress-relieving benefits of the recommended activities be further increased?
4. Which of the following is not a tip given by the speaker?
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Unit 5
Part B
Text 1
Ashley
Ashley was reading a magazine when she came across an article about antibiotics and other drugs discovered in European rivers and tap water. If such drugs were present there, she reasoned, they might also be found near her home in West Virginia.
Ashley feared that antibiotics in the waters could lead to resistant bacteria, or supergerms, which can kill untold numbers of people. The girl, then 16, began testing her area's river -- the Ohio. With a simple device she herself had designed, she collected 350 water samples from the Ohio and its tributaries over ten weeks. Reading scientific journals, she taught herself to analyze the samples. It was the most scientifically sound project for someone her age.
Her experiment, one of the first of its kind in the United States, showed that low levels of three antibiotics are indeed present in local waters. Ashley's study won the International Stockholm Junior Water Prize, a virtual Nobel Prize for teenagers. She received a $5,000 scholarship and an audience with Sweden's Crown Princess Victoria.
Her interest in science was sparked by walks in the woods with her mother. But it was the day-to-day stuff -- how water comes to the tap, how rain sticks to glass, that most fascinated her. \is not a dead thing,\
By the sixth grade, she was winning at science fairs. She has won $70,000 in prize money, which she has put aside for college. She plans to attend Harvard University. \want to make my own discoveries, and not just read about what others have done,\that she will one day win a Nobel Prize.
Exercise 1: 1. D
Questions:
2. D
1. What is the story mainly about?
2. Which of the following best describes the way the speaker tells the story?
Exercise 2:
1.
F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10.T
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Statements:
1. Ashley lives in the state of Virginia.
2. Antibiotics in streams and rivers can lead to the emergence of supergerms.
3. Bacteria found in European local waters and tap water have killed countless people.
4. Using simple equipment designed by herself, Ashley collected 350 water samples in ten weeks.
5. Ashley's experiment proved that antibiotics did exist in the Ohio River.
6. Ashley developed a strong interest in science when she was in her sixth grade.
7. Ashley wants to make discoveries by herself and knows how to make use of what she has read.
8. The International Stockholm Junior Water Prize is a Nobel Prize for teenagers.
9. Ashley got a $5,000 scholarship from Harvard University. 10. Ashley can be regarded as a role model for young people.
Text 2
Young People Say No to Smoking
On February 16, 2001, the teens from a youth group called REBEL launched their advertising campaign at the Liberty Science Center in New Jersey. By now just about everybody has heard the \for Sale\commercial on television and the radio against tobacco companies. What many people don't know is that teenagers from West New York and across New Jersey worked on various aspects of the campaign, and even appeared in some of the advertisements. The campaign organizer thought it would be better than using actors if actual REBEL members were in the commercials.
REBEL, which stands for Reaching Everybody by Exposing Lies, is a statewide youth initiative against tobacco companies. The movement, which began in November last year, carries the message that teens no longer want to be targeted by tobacco companies in their advertisements. Knowing that peer pressure on teens to smoke or do drugs is one of the biggest problems that teens face, the group is working hard to ensure that their message reaches all teenagers at New Jersey schools.
When the group was first formed, there were only five members, all eighth grade students. But by this summer the group had grown to close to 90 members. At a recent recruiting party, a pizza and pool party, at the West New York swimming pool, more than 50 new members were attracted to the group.
\
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