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I bet this guy is cowardly. cowardly adj. 胆小的，怯懦的 coward n.

Cowardly is an adjective, even though it has ‘ly’ at the end. But if you want to use coward, remember to have to use indefinite article(不定冠词). He is a coward, in that case coward is a noun. Whereas cowardly as an adjective, so you don’t have to use ‘a’ in front of this word cowardly.

There’s no such word as coward in my dictionary. But unfortunately there’s such a word as cowardly in my dictionary.

There’s no such word as generous in Bruce’s dictionary. –Bruce is never generous. --What does generous mean?

There is no such word as … in one’s dictionary. womanly adj.女人味 manly motherly fatherly Mary is quite womanly, and so is Bruce.

Our teacher, Mr. Brown, is very fatherly, so we all like him.

a cup of coffee a glass of milk He is sipping a cup of tea. one's cup of tea喜爱的东西；正中下怀

Swimming is my cup of tea. --It means I love to swim.

When it comes to the music, Jazz is my cup of tea. When it comes to一谈到 When it comes to politics I know nothing. 谈到政治，我一无所知。 hi: greeting hey: paying attention to me.

Hi means hello. The first time we meet somebody, we say ‘Hi’. But Hey means ‘pay attention to me’. I want to talk to you. I have something important or interesting to tell you.—Hey, this word can only be used between two friends, two people that have already known each other.—That is a good point, It’s not polite to call a stranger with ‘Hey, come here’. It’s always polite to say “Hi, can I talk to you?’

Hi, I’m new here, I wonder if you can tell me where the station is.

I just blew my nose. 擤鼻涕 I used a handkerchief. 手帕 I didn’t use my hand. be at work 在上班 Where’s Father? He is at work now.

be at rest 在休息 Poor Bruce is always at work, but lucky Peter is usually at rest. Some of the women 一定要加 the + n.

some of my students are very diligent/ hardworking. hardworking 努力的 diligent 用功的，勤劳的

some/two/five of+the/these/those/my等限定词+ n. 不可直接+n.

dizzy 头晕的，恶心的 When I look down from the tall building, I feel dizzy. Dizzy—explain this word in English. Please?

Dizzy is a feeling we have in our head. Sometimes when you have a cold or if you’re in a car for a long time and you don’t feel comfortable or if you don’t like very tall buildings or something like that, your head does not feel clear, and we say you feel dizzy, maybe you feel sick.

shake –shook –shaken

When I saw my father, I shook all over. I made the sentence on behalf of Bruce. He told me time and again that when he was young, he was afraid of his father. violent adj. –violently adv. –violence n.

TV-violence电视暴力 Too many TV programs on television which show violence…

TV-violence 抽象词means that there’re many programs/ too many programs on the television

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which show violence. Violence between husbands and wives, parents and children, friends and friends, the police and other people. And we see a lot of people hurting each other on TV, and we call this TV-violence. In fact, when I was raising my son, I didn’t let him watch TV. I didn’t want to him watch TV-violence. I was terrified = I was frightened. Brave ---反义 cowardly

This line shows that Andy actually is not brave at all. Instead of He is cowardly.

Right, But Peter, We should point out here, actually Andy is doing the right thing. If you’re in a restaurant or in an office, it’s a good idea to get under a heavy table if there is an earthquake. The teacher punished Sam after he played a joke on her. play a joke on sb. He said this only to save face.挽回面子 He try to save face with Jenny. face-saving adj.保全面子的

I am scared of / terrified of / frightened of spiders. I am not scared of tigers, but I am scared of spiders.

He try to save face with Jenny. I bet he is a nice man. Thanks, Please join us again next time.

25. Restaurant Dos and Don'ts P156

When you want to eat at a Western restaurant, you should first consider making a reservation. If not, you risk having to wait for a long time for a table.

When eating, the Japanese and some Chinese are in the habit of slurping their food. By doing so, they show their host how much they like the food. Westerners find eating soup this way most unpleasant. They also consider picking one's teeth and putting on makeup at the table no-nos. and when it comes to tipping, they just leave some money on the table. The amount is up to you, but it's usually 15 to 20 percent of the check.

We’re on page 156, with Lesson 25. We also have a title on this page called ‘restaurant dos and don’ts.’

Dos and Don't严格的写法： Do's and Don't's

Don't forget to dot your i’s and cross your t’s.注意细节This refers to our 小写for the letter ’i’ and the letter ‘t’, When we write a lowercase i or little i, we must put a little dot on top of the i. So that we can see clearly that it is an i. the same for the t, the t is longer than the i, we should cross it. Because if you don’t dot your i and cross you t, we might not be able to tell the differents between the small i and the small t. So when we tell someone,’ Make sure you dot your i’s and cross your t’s.’ It means make sure all the details are correct, do your best, make sure all the details are right. lower case 小写

We had the lesson called ‘ When in Rome do as the Roman do.’ Already. consider + V-ing

If you want to improve your English, you should consider practicing it more. I’m considering moving to Shanghai next year. make a reservation for sth.预约／订

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I’d like to make a reservation for a flight to London, please.

If you travel around, you might make a reservation for a room at hotel. I'd like to make a reservation for a table for ten please. if not 不然的话，否则

You’d better take your umbrella with you, if not, you’ll get (soaking) wet. soaking wet 全身湿透 I got soaking wet in the rain. You risk getting skin cancer, if you sunbathe to long. parasol 阳伞 umbrella

risk doing(+动名词) -- You risk getting skin cancer if you sunbathe too long. sunbathe 日光浴

sunbathe 日光浴 When I’m with Peter, I do as Peter does. He is in the habit of/has the habit of getting up early. 有．．．的习惯

He makes it a rule to get up early. unpleasant 不愉快的（宾补）

eat soup…Why is it so? Usually our soups are very thick soups. In fact we call most of the Chinese soups clear soups because they are mostly water. But most of our soups are for winter, they are very very thick and heavy.

clear soup 清汤 thick soup 浓汤 soups复数指种类 eat the soup while it is hot.趁热喝吧 a bowl of soup no-no 禁忌，不可做之事 可数n.(文中作宾补)

This is the plural on line three, if there’s only one, we say Uh-oh. That’s a no-no. So we can count one no-no, two no-nos. When we are children, we often hear our parents tell us that’s a no-no, And children can understand because it’s no twice that it must be something very bad, that we shouldn’t do. And this is one way our parents train us to teach us manners. We only use this when we are talking about manners or as adults when we should or shouldn’t do something. In the office, for example, maybe you have a certain habit, and when you go to a new office they don’t like your habit, and someone will tell you: I’m sorry but smoking in my office is a no-no, and that is a friendly way to tell an adult that he shouldn’t do something. a no-no two no-nos That is a a no-no.

If something is a no-no, that means it is something that we can’t do.

when it comes to +n.或gerund When it comes to teaching English, Peter is the best. When it comes to music, I like Jazz the best. Give him 10$ as a tip.

How much should I pay? It’s up to you. check 支票，(15-20%)账单

Before you study a foreign language you should learn the dos and don’ts of studying it. --For example: One of the dos of studying a foreign language is practice as much as you can, because it’s a skill. One of the don’ts I would say ‘don’t try to memorize all the grammar rules’ or ‘a long list of vocabulary’. Don’t do that instead ‘practice the language in sentences.’ the accused n.被告 The accused admitted robbing the bank. Thanks everyone, join us again.

26. The Missing Tip p168

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Chen is in America. His American friend, Daisy, suggested having lunch with him at a restaurant.

C: Why's that waiter so angry?

D: Those people who just left didn't seem to give him any tip, which made him angry. C: Is that（/giving a tip）absolutely necessary here?

D: (Giving a tip is) Kind of. It's the custom. You can't really avoid leaving at least a small tip. C: But suppose(/if/what if) the service is bad? D: In that case, of course, we don't leave one.

C: And does the waiter know that's why you didn't give him a tip? D: Exactly. It's just like telling him off. C: No wonder he's so angry.

D: Well, in fact, the people did leave him a tip, but that kid over there took it.

We have this lesson, and in this lesson will see instead of reading text or something, this is not a reading text, a reading comprehension text, and rather this is a dialogue. A dialogue is something that takes place between two people -- a conversation.

We tipped(v.) the waiter with a lot of money, because his service was so good. I tipped the waiter ten dollars for his excellent service.

I give the waiter ten dollars as a tip for his excellent service. I give the waiter a ten-dollar tip. give sb money as a tip for sth 不说：give sb ten dollars tip 而说：give sb a ten-dollar tip missing a.失踪的 I found my missing keys in my shirt pocket. The missing boy was finally found. miss v. 想念, 错过

I miss (v.) you a lot.我好想你。 I miss the good time that I had with Bruce. Do you miss your family?你想念家人吗? I miss the opportunity. missed out on the promotion/ chance. 错过(提升的)…机会

Chen of course is a man, definitely he is a Chinese, a Chinese guy, by the name of Chen, Chen is a family name, he is in America, probably he is visiting his friend there. daisy 小黄花,雏菊 petal 花瓣 meadow

daisy--is a flower, It’s a wild flower, you can find it in the hills and sometimes in the meadows（小草原）. It has a round center and then the petals (花瓣) which are around it have different color. Sometimes the round center is black or yellow and then Petals will be white or yellow or some other color. It is something like litter sun, we call that a daisy. A daisy is a kind of wild flower, it can be found in meadows.

Daisy suggested having lunch with him at a restaurant. 可改为：Daisy suggested they (省should) have lunch at a restaurant.

Suggest ①+动名词 I suggest going dance tonight.

② +that从句 改写：suggested that they(省should) have(注意：即使是过去时间也只能用原形动词) lunch…

Daisy suggested that they have lunch at a restaurant. I suggest that he be quite. waiter waitress女服务员 ? wait wait on

Are you being waited on? （餐厅用）有人为你服务吗？

I am sorry sir, after I serve them, I’ll come back to wait on/ serve you. 或用: serve招呼 wait at table侍候进餐, 伺候（别人）用餐

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be angry with+人(现代口语也用于事)

I was angry with my litter brother, because he is so noisy.

Make sure that when you want to use this expression “be angry with”, you have to know the object is always a person. But ‘be angry at something’. 但：

I am angry with the new bus schedule. (现代口语中with也常用于事) I was angry at his behavior. at后+事

seem +to You seem to know many things. You seem to have been to Japan before.

The rude bus-driver lost his temper with the old woman. 他发脾气

The movie we saw last night was absolutely awful, don’t see it. you are absolutely right. it is necessary for sb. to sth.(动原) 做…对某人而言是有必要的

Eg：It is necessary for students to understand the importance of being educated. kind of (口)多多少少，有点=a little = sort of =somewhat 可修饰adj.或adv. It kind of/ a little/ sort of/somewhat hot today.

It's the custom which means this is something you should do according to the custom. suppose = if =what if

--We are supposed to go on a picnic tomorrow, but what if(=what will happen if /what shall we do if) it rains? --Well, stay home studying.

in that case 如此一来，那样的话 play video games玩电动游戏。 I’ll be always at your service. 随时替你效劳 tell sb. off = scold sb. 责备（很很的骂）

We just have one, really. We’re supposed to go on a picnic tomorrow. but what if it rains. In that case, we’ll stay home and study./(play video games.) 那样的话 in some cases 有些情况下，有时 in most cases 在大部分情形下，往往 in many cases 在许多情况下

tell sb. off-- I suppose we would say to scold somebody or give someone a piece of your mind. tell sb. off/scold sb/give someone a piece of your mind 指责某人,臭骂

He scolded me(/told me off /gave me a piece of his mind) for making the mistake. No wonder he does very well in his studies, he studies very hard/ he is hardworking. Kids are usually mischievous. mischievous = naughty顽皮的 over there adv.那里

No wonder he is popular with us, he always helps people.

27. Thank Your Lucky Stars p173

I remember when I was a young boy, life was tough(but simple and pleasant). My parents made me do many things for them. For example, they had（/made） me do the laundry, the dishes and the house cleaning. They even got me to work(=made/had me work) part-time to help with the family expenses. If I was naughty, they would spank me. They would not let me go outside the house for days.

Nowadays, life is quite different for kids. Parents can't force them to do anything. On the

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