史上最全的英语语法大全(精心整理) 下载本文

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我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。

The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个) 你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。

I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it. ( 同一物) 我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。

3.15one/another/the other

one… the other 只有两个 some… the others 有三个以上 one… another,another… some… others,others… others = other people/things the others = the rest 剩余的全部

1) 泛指另一个用another。

2) 一定范围内两人(物),一个用one,另一个用the other。

3) 一定范围内三者,一个用one,另一个用one (another),第三个可用the other,a third。 4) 一定范围内,除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others。

5) 泛指别的人或物时,用others当在一定范围内,除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部时,也用others。

3.16“the”的妙用

He is one of the students who help me. He is the one of the students who helps me. 他是帮我的学生之一。

第一句定语从句与the students 一致。 第二句定语从句与the one 一致。

3.17anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each

1.anyone 和 any one

anyone仅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。

2.no one 和none

a) none 后跟of短语,既可指人又可指物,而no one只单独使用,只指人。

b) none 作主语,谓语动词用单,复数均可,而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。

None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。

---- Did any one call me up just now? --刚才有人打电话给我吗? ---- No one. --没有。

3.every 和each

1) every 强调全体的概念, each强调个体概念。

Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。 Each student may have one book.. 每个学生都可有一本书。

2) every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。

3) every 只作形容词,不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。 Every student has to take one. Each boy has to take one. Each of the boys has to take one.

4) every不可以作状语,each可作状语。

5) every 有反复重复的意思,如 every two weeks等; each没有。

6) every 与not 连用,表示部分否定; each 和not连用表示全部否定。 Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。 Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。

3.18both, either, neither, all, any, none

这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后,行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。

1) both (两者都),either(两者中任何一个), neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。 Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。

2) both,either

both与复数连用,either与单数连用。

Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。 Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。 There are flowers on both sides of the street. (两岸)

There are flowers on either side of the street. (岸的两边) 路边长满了野花。

3) all (所有的,全部的人或物),any (任何一个), none (都不)。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。

All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。 I don't like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。 I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。

注意:all与none用法一样。跟单数名词,用单数动词;跟复数名词,用复数动词。 All of the students are there. 所有的学生都在那。 All (of) the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。

3.19many, much

Many,much都意为\许多\, many + 可数名词,much + 不可数名词。 How many people are there at the meeting? How much time has we left?

Many of the workers were at the meeting. Much of the time was spent on learning.

3.20few, little, a few, a little

(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词 a few / a little 为肯定含义,还有一点 few / little 为否定含义,没有多少了。 He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。 He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。 There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。

典型例题:

Although he 's wealthy,he spends___ on clothes. A. little B. few C. a little D. a few

答案: A. spend所指的是钱,不可数,只能用little或 a little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句,由句意知后句为否定含义,因此应用little表示几乎不。

固定搭配:

only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many) many a (=many) Many books were sold. Many a book was sold. 卖出了许多书。

4.形容词和副词

4.1形容词及其用法

形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常, 可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。

2) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。 (错) He is an ill man. (对) The man is ill. (错) She is an afraid girl. (对) The girl is afraid.

这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。

3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如: something nice

4.2以-ly结尾的形容词

1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively, ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。 改错:(错) She sang lovely.

(错) He spoke to me very friendly. (对) Her singing was lovely.

(对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。 daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.

4.3用形容词表示类别和整体

1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry

The poor are losing hope.

2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。 the British,the English,the French,the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor.

4.4多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt

a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car

典型例题:

1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys.

A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two 答案:C。由\限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --性质--名词\的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。

2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old

答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。

3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last

答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照下表:

限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+ those + three + beautiful + large + square

新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词 old + brown + wood + table

4.5副词及其基本用法

副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。