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celebrate one‘s birthday celebrate Christmas 18. central adj.中心的，中央的 central bank/government centre n./v.中心；以......为中心 in the centre of the room centre on /upon/ round /around…把…当中心；使…成为中心 19. ceremony n.典礼，仪式 attend a wedding ceremony stand on ceremony 拘于礼节 without ceremony 粗鲁无礼，不拘礼节 20. certain adj. 确定的；无疑的 certainly adv.
be certain of= be sure of 对…确信的 be certain to do =be sure to do 一定会、必然 make sure/certain of… 保证、弄清楚 It is certain that… 21. challenge n./v.挑战 face/take up a challenge 面对/接收挑战 challenging adj.具有挑战性的 a challenging job 22. chance n. 机会；可能性 give sb. a chance 给…一次机会; take a chance/chances 冒险；碰运气 by chance/accident 偶然; There is a/no chance that… 有可能/不可能… 23. change v. 改变、变化; n. 变化；零钱（不可数） change…into… 把……变成...... change one‘s mind 改变主意 Great changes have taken place in China. There is no time to get changed before the party. Do you have any change on/with you ? 24. characteristic adj. 独特的 n. 特征，特点 a key characteristic of… 25. charge vt.向......索费；指控；掌管；充电 charge…for… 收/要价多少 charge sb. with sth/doing 指控某人做了 get the phone charged 手机被充电 The soldiers were charging forward bravely.战士们勇敢地向前冲。 charge n.费用；掌管，负责；电荷 take charge of 负责...... in charge of 负责...... in the charge of 被/由...… 负责 free of charge 免费 26. chat v./n. 聊天；闲谈 chat—chatted—chatted—chatting have a chat with sb. 与某人聊天 chat room 聊天室 27. check v./ n. 检查；核对；支票 by check 用支票支付 辨析： check/examine check 指核对某事物是否正确, examine 表检查、调查、审查等 check the answers
check the mailbox 核实邮箱（看有没有信）
examine your body/eyes examine the machine 28. cheer n./vi. 欢呼；喝彩 A great cheer went up from the crowd. cheer sb on 为某人加油 cheer up 振作起来；高兴起来 Cheers ! 共同举杯 29. cheerful adj 兴高采烈的，高兴地 a cheerful smile 30. cheque＝ check(美) 支票 in cash 付现金
by check/cheque 用支票支付 31. chicken c/n. 小鸡 u/n. 鸡肉 Would you like some chicken? 来点鸡肉怎么样？ Don‘t count your chickens before they are hatched. 不要在还没孵出小鸡之前先数鸡。（别指望过早；别打如意算盘） 32. chief adj.主要的；首要的 n.首领；领导人 chiefs (复数) 33. choice n. 选择 choose v.选择 choose—chose—chosen make a choice /make choices 做选择 have no choice but to do 除了…别无选择 We chose Bill as chairman. There are a lot of books to choose from. 34. Christmas n.圣诞节 Merry Christmas! on Christmas Eve 在平安夜 at Christmas 圣诞节期间 on Christmas 在圣诞节这天 35. church n.教堂，礼拜
go to church
attend church 去教堂做礼拜 36. cinema 电影院
go to the cinema 去看电影
37. circle n. 圆圈 vi.环绕，盘旋
The plane circled over the airport before landing. 38. circulate v. 循环，流传，传阅 circulate sth (to sb.)
The document will be circulated to all members. 39. clarify v.澄清，阐明，使…..纯净 clarify a situation/ problem/ issue clarification n.
40. class 班级；课；等级，阶级 after class 下课 have classes 上课 the first class 头等
the working class 工人阶级 41. classify v.分类
classify…into… classify sb./ sth as …
Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major.
42. clean v.打扫；弄干净 adj.清洁的 clean up 打扫干净
clean the table/the room
43. clear adj. 清晰的 v.清除，放晴 clear water 清澈的水
a clear explanation 清晰的解释 make oneself clear 表达清楚 clear up （天气）放晴 clearly adv.
44. close vt. 关闭 adj. 近的；亲密的 adv. 近地
closely adv. 密切地；仔细地
watch closely 密切注视；仔细观察 a close friend 一个亲密的朋友 be/stand/get close to close the door/eyes
with his eyes closed/open close down 关闭，倒闭 45. cloth u/c 布料，抹布 a piece of cloth a table cloth
clothing u/n (总称) 衣服
a piece of clothing/an article of clothing 一件衣服 clothes(pl.) 衣服 46. coast n.海岸
on/along the coast 在岸上/沿岸 off the coast 离海岸不远的地方 47. coffee n.咖啡；咖啡色 a cup of coffee
a coffee/two coffees 一杯/两杯咖啡 48. coin c/n.硬币
Every coin has two sides. 事物皆有两面性 49. coincidence n.共同发生,巧合 by coincidence 碰巧 50. collect vt. 收集；搜集
collect stamps/stamp collecting 集邮 51. collection n.收藏品 a stamp collection
have a large collection of books 52. combine v.使联合,使结合 combine A with/ and B 53. come
came-came-come
come up with 提出；想出 come across 偶遇
come about 产生，发生
come on 加油；快点；得啦 come true 实现
come up 走近；被提出；想起；发芽 come out 出来；出版
54. comfort v.安慰 u./n.舒适 live in comfort 生活安逸 a comfort 令人安慰的人或事 comfortable adj.
live a comfortable life comfortably adv. live comfortably
55. command n.&v.命令，要求，指挥，支配
at/by/under one‘s command 服从某人的命令
have a good command of 很好的掌握...... command sb. to do sth.
command that clause (should do) 56. comment n./v.评论
make a comment on /about sth comment on/upon sth
57. commit v.犯；干(坏事)等；使......承担义务
commit murder/suicide commit yourself (to sth) 承诺...... You don‘t have to commit yourself now, just think about it. 58. common adj.共同的；一般的 a common mistake 常见错误 common practice 惯例 common sense 常识 have much/a lot/ little/nothing in common in common with… 和……一样 59. communicate vt 传达，传递（想法，感情，思想等） vi.与某人交流（信息或消息，意见等），沟通 communication n. He was eager to communicate his ideas to the group. communicate with sb 60. company u./n. 交往；陪伴 c/n. 公司 keep sb. company 陪伴某人 61. compare 比较；比喻 compare…with… 把…和…比较 compare…to… 把…比作… compared with/to (作状语) 与…相比 Compared with/to other people, he is fortunate. 62. compensate v.补偿,赔偿,弥补 compensate for sth 弥补...... compensate sb for sth 弥补/赔偿某人某物 63. compete vi.比赛，竞赛 competition n. compete with/against sb in sth for sth 64. complete adj.完整的 v.完成，结束 a complete story 完整的故事 complete the project completely adv. be completely destroyed 彻底毁坏 65. compromise v./n.妥协；折中，互让；和解 agree on a compromise make a compromise with by compromise 通过妥协 reach/ come to/ arrive at/compromise 66. compulsory 强制的；义务的 It is compulsory for sb to do It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmets（头盔）. compulsory education/schooling（学校教育） 67. concentrate v. 集中（思想等） concentration n. I can‘t concentrate with that noise going on. concentrate (sth) on (doing) sth 集中…做… I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live. 68. concern v. 1) 让某人担忧 What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change. 2) 与…有关 be concerned with 3) 关心，挂念 be concerned about 4) 就…而言 as far as sb is concerned n. show a /no concern about concerning prep. 关系到， 涉及
He asked me several questions concerning the future of the company. 69. concert 音乐会；演奏会 go to a concert a live concert 现场演奏的音乐会 70. conclude v. 1) 结束 conclude (sth)(with sth) He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip home. 2) 推断出 conclude sth from sth What do you conclude from that? conclusion n.结论；推论 draw /reach /come to a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 总之，最后 In conclusion, I would like to thank you. 71. concrete adj.明确的,具体的 concrete floor concrete evidence 72. condemn vt. 谴责；判刑；宣告……有罪(与to连用) 迫使…接受(困境)，使…注定 condemn sb/ sth for… be condemned/ sentenced to… 被宣判...... 73. condition 状况；条件 in good/excellent/bad/poor condition 处于良好/极佳/糟糕的状况 out of condition 不在状况 living conditions 生活条件
on condition that (连词) 如果；条件是 They agreed to lend us the car on condition that (only if) we returned it before the weekend. 74. conduct vt.
1) 引导，带领 conduct sb around sp 2) 实施，执行 conduct an experiment 3) 指挥 conduct a concert 4) 传导 conduct electricity 5) 举止，表现 conduct oneself conduct n. 行为，举止 75. confident adj.自信的；确信的 be confident about/of sth confidence n.信心 1) gain/lose confidence 2) have confidence in sb/sth 3) be in sb‘s confidence 受某人信任，是某人的心腹 4) take sb into your confidence 向某人吐露内心秘密 76. confirm vt. 证实，批准，确认 confirm sth/ that/wh- Rumours of job losses were later confirmed. Has everyone confirmed (that) they are coming? Can you confirm what happened? 77. conflict n./v.冲突；矛盾 in conflict with 78. confuse vt.
1）使糊涂，使迷惑 They confused me with conflicting accounts of what happened. 2）混淆 confuse A with/and B Be careful not to confuse quality with quantity. confusion n.迷惑；困惑 1) confusion about/over sth 困惑 There is a confusion about what the correct procedure should be. 2) confusion between A and B 混淆A和B 79. congratulation n. 祝贺(名词常用复数) Congratulations to you ! congratulate sb. on sth. 祝贺某人在某方面…… 80. connect v. 1) connect A to/with/ and B 使连接，联结
The towns are connected by trains and bus services. 2) connect sth (to sth) 接通，使…连接 First connect the printer to the computer. 3) connect sb / sth (with sb / sth) be connected with 与…有联系/关联 Theory is closely connected with practice. 4)为某人接通电话 Hold on, please, I‘m trying to connect you. 81. connection n. 连接物，接触，联系 in connection with sb/ sth 与...…有关 A man has been arrested in connection with the murder of the manager. 82. consequence n.结果，后果；重要性 as a consequence /result in consequence 结果 as a consequence /result of in consequence of 由于 83. consider v.认为；把……看做 ;考虑 consider sth/doing sth/wh- 考虑 We are considering buying a new car. He was considering what to do next. consider sb/sth (as /to be) sth 认为 This award is considered (to be ) a great honor. sb be considered to have done sth 认为某人已经做了某事 Bell is considered to have invented the telephone.
all things considered 从各方面看来，总而言之 84. considerate adj.体贴的；考虑周到的 It is considerate of him to wait. considering prep. 85. consideration n.考虑 take sth into consideration 考虑到 Taking everything into consideration, the event was a great success. 86. consist vi.包含，组成，构成 consist of 由…...组成 The committee consists of ten members. consist in 在于，存在于 The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
consistent adj 一致的 be consistent with 与…...一致
87. construction n.建造，建设 be under construction 正在修建中 construct vt.建造，修建，创建 construct a bridge construct a theory 88. consult vt.
1) 咨询，请教 consult sb (about) sth
2) 与某人商量 consult (with) sb about/on sth 3) 查阅，查询 consult a dictionary 89. contain v. 1) 包含/括
The book contains 12 units. 2）含有物质/成分
Sea water contains a lot of salt. 3）容纳、装有
The envelope contained 500 dollars. container n. 容器，集装箱
90. content adj. 甘愿的，满意的；n.内容 be content with 满足于
be content to do 甘愿做某事
the content of the article 文章内容 read the contents of the book 读目录 91. continue v. 继续 continue doing / to do / with
92. contrary adj. 相反的 n.相反，反而 Contrary to popular belief, many cats dislike milk. on the contrary 相反，反之 93. contribute v. 1) 捐献，捐赠
contribute (sth) (to/ towards sth)
We contributed 5000 yuan to the earthquake fund. 2) 导致，有助于 contribute to
Smoking contributes to lung cancer.
3) 撰稿，在会议或会谈期间讲话，发表意见 contribute (sth) (to sth)
She contributed (a number of articles )to the magazine.
We hope everyone will contribute to the discussion.
94. contribution n.贡献，奉献 make a contribution to sth 对…做贡献 95. convenience n.便利
at one‘s convenience 在某人方便的时候 for one‘s convenience 为了某人方便 convenient adj.方便的 It is convenient for sb to do sth 96. convey v.传送,传达,表达 convey sth to sb convey sb/sth from …to…
97. convince v.使确信,使信服 convince sb/ yourself of sth convince sb to do
I have been trying to convince him to see a doctor.
convinced adj.
be convinced of/ that... I am convinced that she is innocent. I am convinced of her innocence.
98. corner n. 街角； 困境； vt使…落入圈套
There is a hotel on / at the corner of the street. drive / force sb into a corner 把某人逼入困境 round / around the corner 很近，在附近
99. correct adj.正确的，恰当的； vt.纠正，批改
I think you‘ve made the correct decision. I spent all evening correcting essays.
correctly adv.Have you spelled it correctly? 100. cost n.花费；代价，损失；vt.需付费；使损失
the high / low cost of housing
she saved him from the fire but at the cost of her own life.
at all costs 不惜任何代价
You must stop the press from finding out at all costs.
The hospital will cost 2 million dollars to build.
That one mistake almost cost him his life. 101. count v.数数；重要 Every point in this game counts. count down 倒计时 count on sb/sth 依赖
I‘m counting on you to help me.
102.couple n.两人、物；几个人、物；一对夫妻
a young / an elderly couple
I saw a couple of men get out . We went there a couple of years ago.