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Part 1

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. promote B. challenging C. generally D. rewarding E. politely F. immigrants G. competitive H. traditional I. authority J. disagree Most people agree that the direct, assertive (过分自信的) American personality is a virtue, but it sometimes surprises foreigners. In many cultures, respect for older people or those in positions of 41 keeps others from expressing their true feelings. But in the US, children often argue with their parents, students may 42 with their teachers, and citizens may express opposition to the actions of the government. If the meat is too tough to chew, the diner can complain to the waiter; if the boss makes a mistake, an employee will 43 point it out.

Some straight talk about the American character must include the admission that Americans have their faults. The extremely 44 nature of Americans is probably their worst fault. Of course, competition isn’t always bad. As a matter of fact, it can 45 excellence by encouraging individuals and businesses to try to do their best. But the desire to get ahead of others sometimes causes people to do things that are unkind and even dishonest. Also, Americans admire what is practical, fast, efficient, and fresh. Sometimes they fail to understand and appreciate practices that have greater respect for more 46 , leisurely ways of doing things. On the other hand, people from other cultures may dislike the practical, 47 American lifestyles.

Despite culture differences, most foreigners give Americans credit for their virtues. Americans are 48 viewed as friendly, adaptable, energetic, and kindhearted. Most newcomers to the US like Americans, and the feeling is usually mutual(共有的). Perhaps the greatest American virtue is a deep interest in new ideas and new people. In a nation of 49 , the foreigner does not remain an outsider for long.

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

When discussing the causes of animal endangerment, it is important to understand that individual species are not the only factors involved in this difficult situation. Endangerment is a broad 50 , one that involves the habitats(栖息地) and environments where species live and interact with one another. Although some measures are being taken to help specific cases of endangerment, the universal problem cannot be solved until humans 51 the natural environments where endangered species live. There are many reasons why a particular species may become endangered, but habitat destruction is on top.

Our planet is continually changing, causing habitats to be altered and modified. Natural changes tend to occur at a 52 pace, usually causing only a slight 53 on individual species. However, when changes occur at a fast pace, there is little or no time for individual species to 54 and adjust to new circumstances. This can create disastrous results, and for this reason, rapid habitat loss is the primary cause of species endangerment. The strongest 55 in rapid habitat loss are human beings. Nearly every region of the earth has been affected by human activity, particularly during this past century. The loss of microbes (微生物) in soils that 56 supported tropical forests, the 57 of fish and various aquatic species in polluted habitats, and changes in global climate brought about by the 58 of greenhouse gases are all results of human activity.

It can be difficult for an individual to 59 the effects that humans have had on specific

species. It is hard to identify or predict human effects on individual species and habitats, especially during a human lifetime. But it is quite 60 that human activity has greatly 61 to species endangerment. 62 , although tropical forests may look as though they are thick and healthy, they are 63 highly susceptible (易受影响的）to destruction. This is because the soils in which they grow 64 nutrients. It may take centuries to re-grow a forest that was cut down by humans or destroyed by fire, and many of the world’s severely threatened animals and plants live in these forests. If the current rate of forest loss continues, huge quantities of plant and animal species will disappear. 50. A. theme B. project C. issue D. experiment 51. A. worsen B. protect C. construct D. ignore 52. A. gradual B. single C. stable D. rapid 53. A. anxiety B. improvement C. impact D. burden 54. A. survive B. react C. reflect D. live 55. A. ruins B. objections C. limitations D. forces 56. A. formerly B. formally C. freely D. usually 57. A. appreciation B. destruction C. extinction D. existence 58. A. escape B. leak C. release D. relief

59. A. cause B. remind C. remember D. recognize 60. A. reasonable B. apparent C. possible D. natural 61. A. devoted B. donated C. contributed D. adapted 62. A. In short B. By contrast C. As a result D. For example 63. A. naturally B. actually C. fully D. completely 64. A. lack B. contain C. reduce D. limit 41. I 42. J 43. E 44. G

45. A 46. H 47. B 48. C 49. F 50. C 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. D 56. A 57. C 58.C 59. D 60. B 61. C 62. D 63. B 64. A

Part 2

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. appeal B. impact C. vegetarian D. consumes E. farmers F. increasingly G. balance H. results I. laughingly J. serious In the book Time to Eat the Dog: The Real Guide to Sustainable（可持续性） Living, New Zealand-based architects Robert and Brenda Vale say keeping a medium-sized dog has the same ecological 41 as driving 10,000 km a year in a 4.6 liter limousine. Calculating that modern house pet 42 through about 164 kg of meat and 95 kg of cereals a year, the Vales estimated the ecological footprint of cats and dogs, based on the amount of land needed to grow pet food.

“There are no recipes in the book,” Robert Vale said, 43 , in a telephone interview. “We’re not actually saying it is time to eat the dog. We’re just saying that we need to think about and know the ecological impact of some of the things we do and that we take for granted.” With pets’ diets under the control of owners, how can their unsustainable appetites be cut down? Changing their diets into 44 ones, the Vales say.

Instead they recommend keeping “greener”, smaller, and more sustainable pets, such as goldfish, chickens or rabbits. The book’s playful title, and 45 suggestion that pet animals may be usefully “recycled”, by being eaten by their owners or turned into pet food when they die, may not 46 to animal fans. Annoying as the idea may be, the question 47 from the

planet’s growing population and limited resources, Robert Vale said. “Resources issues are 48 becoming things that are going to require us to make choices which are as difficult as eating your dog. It’s not just about changing your light bulbs or taking a cloth bag to the supermarket,” he said.

“It’s about much more challenging and difficult issues,” he added. “Once you see cats and dogs fit in your overall 49 of things —— you might decide to have the cat but also to have the two cars and the three bathrooms and be a meat eater yourself.”

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

People often fall ill because of me. However, they can hardly blame me; it is largely their own 50 . A tired person may get caught, especially when he goes to crowded places with polluted air. A sudden change in 51 is another factor. In hot summer, people turn on the air-conditioner upon returning home. They will catch a cold easily.

My latest victim is an energetic student. After school, he played football hard for two hours. Though 52 , he still went to the cinema. Then he got back home and took a cold shower immediately.

I seized this golden chance to 53 him. He reacted, trying to 54 me, but I was already 55 deep in his throat. He kept sneezing and his nose was running. 56 he put on some warm clothes, it didn’t work, for there were too many of us. Besides, his sore throat kept upsetting him, and he developed a cough to force me and my family out, but 57 .

The next day he couldn’t go to school. He had lost his appetite and was not as 58 as before. His mother made him orange juice every few hours for more vitamin C, which would help his 59 .

For two days he was nursed by his mother. As he rested more, his defense strengthened and I began to feel the 60 . I knew I had to 61 him before long. But I am not the one who gives up easily, and I made every effort to fight back. 62 , it was my turn to feel 63 now, for his defense system was starting an all-out attack against me. I became 64 and finally my time was over.

Do you know what I am? 50. A. business B. responsibility C. destination D. fault 51. A. temperature B. season C. occasion D. condition 52. A. excited B. hurt C. late D. tired 53. A. injure B. bother C. attack D. destroy 54. A. get on with B. get rid of C. put up with D .take hold of 55. A. reproducing B. waiting C. hiding D. disappearing 56. A. Since B. Once C. Whether D. Although 57. A. escaped B. succeeded C. regretted D. failed 58. A. peaceful B. sensible C. active D. happy