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1 状语从句

状语从句

一． 分类：

种类 连接词 when/whenever/while/as/before/after/instantly /until/till/by the time/as soon as/hardly…when /no sooner…than/the moment/the minute/immediately 注意区别： as和when、while： 有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。当从句的动作发生于主句句：the minute, the moment, every time, the first time 动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。时间 例：The moment he reached the country, he started his 从句表示\随时间推移\连词能用as，不用when 或while。 状语 search. 他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。 till/until和not?till/until： 有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句： until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 directly 例：Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet. 校长一进来， 大家就安静下来 地点 状语 where//wherever where，表示某一个；wherever，表示任何一个。 because和since、for、as、now that： 原因 状语 Because/as/since/now that/for because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。now that都表示“既然”now that一定要是现在发生的，since可以是现在，也可以是过去和现在。 条件 状语 if/unless/once/in case/as long as/on condition that 多用一般时态，如果表示一般将来的情况，就用一般现在时，如果表示过去将来的情况，就用一般过去时。 so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情态动词 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。 目的 (so) that,/in order that/for fear that/in case/lest 状语 结果 状语 比较 状语 方式 状语 让步 状语 so…that, such…that Than/not so//as…as//the more…the more as if, as though, as, (just)as---so， Your watch is not the same as his.(the same as结构) as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。 Though/although/even if/even though/ as//, no matter as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though用正what/who/which/how/when，whatever/whoever /whichever/however/whenever ，whether---or---（不管----常语序，可和yet连用，但不可和but连用 都） 2 状语从句

时间状语从句： when (当……的时候) while (在……期间) as (当……的时候, 一边……一边……)

before (在……之前) since (自从……以来) till/until (直到) hardly…when… (刚……就) as soon as (一……就……) after (在……之后) not…till/until（直到……才） no sooner…than…(刚……就) 地点状语从句： where (在那里) wherever(无论哪里)

原因状语从句： because (因为) since (因为，既然) as (由于) for (为了) now that（既然） 目的状语从句： （so）that=in order that（以便） so as（not）to （ 以便[不]） in case（以免） lest（以免） 结果状语从句： so+adj./adv.+that（如此……以致） so that（结果……）

such+n.+that（如果……以致） that（所以，因此）

让步状语从句： though/although不可同but连用。

though/although （虽然） however （可是） even though/if（即使）

no matter+what/which/where/who/when =whatever/whichever/wherever/whoever/whenever

（不论什么/哪一个/哪里/谁/何时）

比较状语从句： as （正如） as…as（和……一样） not as/so … as （不如……） than（比……更）

the+比较级…+the+比较级 （越……越……）

条件状语从句： if（假设） unless（如果不） so long as（只要） on condition that （如果） 方式状语从句： as（像……那样地） just as（正像） as if（好像） as though（好像）

二． 各种状语从句的简化方法：

状语 从句 由when/while/as/once/whenever引导的时间状语从句 由if/unless引导的条件状语从句 由though/although/even though/even if引导的让步状语从句 由because引导的原因状语从句 由wherever引导的地点状语从句 当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，且谓语动词为be，常省略从句的主语和谓语be. 1．以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于after/before+doing sth.作状语。

例：After she sang，she left the rich man's house． = After singing，she left the rich man's house． 2．以as soon as引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于on+doing sth.,作状语，此 时的动词为非延续性动词。

例：Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village． = Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village．

3．时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，有时可简化为不定式作状语。 例：She stopped when she saw her husband． = She stopped to see her husband． If you want to understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside． = To understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside． 4．结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化为不定式作状语；若两者主语不一致时，则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。

例：He was so tired that he couldn't go any further．= He was too tired to go any further．

I came here so that I could ask some questions．= I came here(in order) to ask some questions．

5． 以when，while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于when/while/if +doing sth.作状语，表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。 例：When he turned on the radio，he found it broken．= When turning on the radio，he found it broken．

While she was walking along the street，she was hit by a car．= While walking along the street，she was hit by a car．

6．原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语。

3 状语从句

例：Since l didn't know Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English．= Not knowing Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English．

注意：形容词短语也可作表示原因的状语，来代替原因状语从句，放在句首、句末均可，但一般应加逗号。

例：As he was thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house． = Thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house．

7．在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中，若从句和主句主语不一致时，可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with/without名词或代词十分词(短语)”形式作状语。

例：When the film start appeared, the children got exited．= The film start appearing，the children got exited．

If all the work is done, you can have a rest．= With all the work done，you can have a rest． Nothing can live if there is no air．= Nothing can live without air．

8．让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语；不一致时，常简化为with

或in spite of介词短语作状语。

例：Although he faced his death，he didn't say anything before the enemy． = Facing the death，he didn't say anything before the enemy.

Although there was danger，he rushed out to carry the boy to safety． = In spite of danger，he rushed out to carry the boy to safety．

三．表示\一…就…\的结构

hardly/scarcely?when/before, no sooner?than 和as soon as都可以表示\一?就?\的意思， 例：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.

I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain.

注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

四．As引导的让步状语从句的倒装：

1．形容词+as+主语+系动词：

例：Tired as he is, he offers to help me. 尽管他已经很累了，他还是主动提出帮助我。 2．过去分词+as+主语+系动词：

例：Well-known as the book is, the author is not satisfied and prepared to revise it.

尽管这本书写得很好,作者还是不满意并打算修改它。 3．名词+as+主语+系动词：

例：Student as he is, he does not study hard. 他虽然是个学生，但却不努力学习。 4．副词+as+主语+谓语部分：

例：Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.

我虽然钦佩他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不明智的。 5．动词原形+as+主语+谓语的剩余部分：

例：Try as you will，you won’t be able to persuade him. 不管你怎么努力，你都说服不了他。