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中考初中英语语法主谓一致讲解与练习学案

主谓一致的用法及专项练习题

一、主谓一致三原则

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意

义一致原则，就近一致原则。

1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。

Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。

They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 ①当and或者both…and…连接并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 Mary and Lucy are friends.

Both my father and mother work in the factory. Both milk and juice are good for your health.

②主语后接with, along with, together with, like, except, but, besides, as well as, including, no less than等词或短语时，谓语的单复数形式与这些词的前面主语一致 Nobody except Lucy and Lily wants to go boating. Tom together with his parents has ever been to Tianjin. Lucy as well as her parents sings well. The girls including the boy are dancing now. Jim with the teachers is friendly to me. Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football.

③each, each..., each of…, each…and each…, every…, every…and every…, one of + 可数名词复数

Each of us has an English book.

There are three children in the room. Each (of them) has a big apple in their hands. Every teacher is dancing now. One of the students likes lessons. Each boy and each girl has got a seat. Every man and every woman is at work.

④不定代词each, either, another, the other, neither以及由every-, any-, no-, any-等构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（none后面单复数均可，多数情况下用单数） None of us likes dishonest persons. Everything is Ok!

⑤Trousers, scissors, clothes, glasses, pants, shorts, jeans, chopsticks, shoes, gloves等名词作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式。但是当名词前面有a/this pair/kind/ series of修饰时，谓语动词要用单数。 This pair of trousers is old.

My glasses were broken. —My shoes are broken, mum. —Yes, this pair of shoes is in style.

A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use. ⑥a number of + 复数名词，译为 “许多”谓语动词用复数； the number of + 名词复数时，译为“…的数量”谓语动词用单数 The number of students in our class is fifty.

A number of students in our school come from the countryside.

⑦Half of, a lot of, most of, plenty of等+名词 或者 分数/百分数+名词 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词。如果是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果是可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数形式 Half of the teachers are women.

Two thirds of the country is covered with trees.

⑧动名词，不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 To see is to believe.

Reading in bed is bed for your eyes.

Where we can get so much money is still a problem. 注意：

A. who, what引导的从句作主语时，当指具体的东西或人时，谓语动词的形式要根据具体意思来定，如：

What I want are these things.

B. 在强调句型 “it + be + 被强调的部分 + that/who”中be总是用单数形式，that/who后面的谓语动词的形式要跟被强调的主语一致： It was Lin Tao who called you just now. It is you that are going to be invited to the party.

C. 在 “one of + 名词复数 + 定语从句”机构中，定语从句的谓语动词一般用复数，但当one前面有the, the very, the less, the only或形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数 Li Lei is one of the students who are good at English. Alice is the only one of the girls that is from America.

2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,

但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。

① 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。

The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)

② and连接两个成对的名词，如fork and knife, bread and butter, soda and water, coffee and

water, aim and end, salt and water虽有and连接，但是仍表示单一概念，谓语要用单数 Where is your fork and knife?

Is the bread and butter enough for you two?

③ family, class, group, team, company, public, crowd, audience, crew, committee等集体名词，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式，如果表示其中的成员，谓语动词用动词形式

Our class are working hard. My family is a big one.

My family are having lunch now.

④ police, people, cattle, youth作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 Cattle are farmer’s friends.

The police are running after the thieves.

⑤ “the + 形容词”blind, old, young, rich, poor,指人作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数；若指抽象概念

作主语时，谓语动词用单数；the+ 姓氏名词的复数，表示“某夫妇/一家人” The old are taken good care of.

The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich. The decayed has been thrown away. The Mr Greens are walking along the lake.

⑥ 当news, maths, politics, physics, plastics虽然是以-s结尾，但意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数

No news is good news.

Plastics is widely used in our daily lives.

⑦ 表示时间，距离，重量，金钱，算式的名词作主语，通常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数

Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。

Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。

⑨many a + 单数可数名词，表示许多，谓语动词用单数 more than one + 单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。

More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 Many a student has spoken at the meeting.

⑩. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 . a/an/+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 One or two + 复数名词，谓语动词用复数