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常用临床医学术语

diseases 疾病

acute diseases 急性病

advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病 chronic diseases慢性病

communicable diseases 传染病 complicating diseases 并发病 congenital diseases 先天性疾病 acquired diseases 后天性疾病 contagious diseases接触性传染病 endemic diseases 地方病 epidemic diseases 流行病

functional diseases 机能病、官能病 infectious diseases 传染病 inherited diseases 遗传病 malignant diseases恶性病 nutritional diseases 营养病 occupation diseases 职业病 organic diseases 器质性病 paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病 periodical diseases 周期病

primary(principal)diseases原发（主导）病 secondary diseases 继发病

sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病 terminal diseases 绝症

wasting diseases 消耗性疾病

chief complaint 主诉

clinical manifestation 临床表现 delivery history 分娩史 etiology病因学

family history 家族史

history, medical history 病史 precipitating(induced)诱因 marital status婚姻状况 menstrual history 月经史 menarche 初潮 menopause闭经 past history既往史

pathogenesis 发病机制 personal history 个人史

symptoms 症状

cardinal symptom 主要症状 classical symptom 典型症状

concomitant symptom 伴发症状

constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状 indirect symptom 间接症状 induced symptom 诱发症状 local symptom 局部症状 mental symptom精神症状

symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症，症候群

signs体征

antecedent 前驱征

assident (accessory) 副征

commemorative 后遗症 sign of death 死征 diagnostic诊断征 sign of disease 病征

subjective 自觉征，主观征 vein sign静脉征

vital sign 生命体征

body length (height of the body) 身高 body weight 体重 barrel chest 桶状胸 cachexia 恶病质

compulsive position 被动体位 critical facies 病危面容 emaciation 消瘦

enophthalmos 眼球下陷 entropion 睑内翻

exophthalmos 眼球突出 flushed face 面色潮红

gain (loss) in weight 增加（减轻）体重 lock-jaw 牙关紧闭 lordosis 脊柱前凸 nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动 nystagmus 眼震 obesity 肥胖 pallor 苍白

scolisis 脊柱侧凸 agitation 焦急不安 debility, weakness 虚弱

diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗 dizziness, vertigo 眩晕

lassitude, fatigue 无力，倦怠 malaise 不适

night sweat 盗汗 numbness 麻木

rigor, chill 寒冷，发冷 perspiration, sweating 出汗 pruritus, itching 痒， somasthenia 躯体无力 tingling 麻刺感

abscess 脓肿 acidosis 酸中毒 adhesion 粘连 alkalosis 碱中毒 allergy 过敏

coagulation defect 凝血不良 congestion 充血 dehydration 脱水 distention 膨胀 edema 水肿

embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成

fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱gangrene 坏疽 hematoma 血肿

hemorrhage, bleeding 出血

infarction 梗塞，梗死 infection 传染 inflammation 炎症

ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒 metastasis 转移 perforation 穿孔 necrosis 坏死 shock 休克

response 反应，应答 reaction 反应，感应 thrombosis 血栓形成 ulceration 溃疡

fever, pyrexia 发烧，发热 continuous fever 稽留热 intermittent fever 间歇热 low-grade fever 低热 remittent fever 驰张热 relapsing fever 回归热

pain 痛

burning pain 灼痛

chest(flank,…) pain 胸（胁腹…）痛 cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛 dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛 pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛

radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）angina 绞痛 cardiac angina 心绞痛 backache 背痛 colic 绞痛，急腹痛 earache 耳痛 headache 头痛 neuralgia 神经痛 migraine 偏头痛

rebound tenderness 反跳痛 somatalgia 躯体痛 sore throat 咽喉痛 stomachache 胃痛 toothache 牙痛

bloody sputum 带血的痰 cough 咳嗽 dry cough 干咳 expectoration 咳痰

expectoration of blood 咳血 hemoptysis 咳血

anoxia 缺氧

apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息 asthma 气喘，哮喘

Cheyne Stokes respiration 切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难

hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸，换气过度 hypopnea 呼吸不全， 呼吸浅表 hypoxia 低氧，缺氧 orthopnea 端坐呼吸

respiratory arrest 呼吸停止 suffocation 窒息 tachypnea 呼吸急促 fetid breath 口臭

fruity breath 呼吸有水果味

arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐 atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全 cardiac arrest 心搏骤停

cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大 cyanosis 发绀，青紫

distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张 extrasystole 期外收缩 gallop rhythm 奔马律 hemopleura 血胸

hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流 hypovolemia （循环）血容量减少 palpitation 心悸

tachycardia 心动过速 pneumothorax 气胸 thrill 震颤

absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失 dull sound 浊音 hyperresonant 鼓音 rale 啰音

rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音 wheeze 哮鸣音

anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食 dysphagia 吞咽困难 eructation 嗳气 belching 嗳气 flatulence 气胀 flatus 肠胃气，屁

gaseous distention 胃胀气 hematemesis 呕血

hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆 nausea 恶心 pyrosis 胃灼热

regurgitation 反胃，回流 thirsty 口渴 vomiting 呕吐

anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂 ascites 腹水

board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹 decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱 exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张 fistula 瘘，瘘管 hemorrhoid 痔 hernia 疝

hepatomegaly 肝肿大 intussusception 肠套叠 jaundice 黄疸

muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫

peristalsis 蠕动

loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失 mass peristalsis 总蠕动

retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕动 prolapse 脱垂

prolapse of anus 脱肛

rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂，脱肛 volvulus 肠扭转

calculus 结石， 石 biliary calculus 胆结石 vesical calculus 膀胱结石

constipation 便秘 defecation 排便

diarrhea 腹泻

incontinence of feces 大便失禁 hematochezia 便血

fecal impaction 大便嵌塞 occult blood 潜血

painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动 clay colored stools 陶土色便

dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物 fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪，吐粪 foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢 scanty and hard stools 便少而硬 tarry (black) stools 柏油样便

anuria 无尿

burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感 dysurea 排尿困难，尿痛 enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿 frequency of urination 尿频 micturation 排尿

uresis, urination, voiding 排尿 nocturia 夜尿 oliguria 少尿 polyuria 多尿

tenesmus 里急后重

vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重 uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷 urgency of urination 尿急 urinary incontinence 尿失禁

aciduria 酸尿 chyluria 乳糜尿 cylindruia 管型尿 glycosuria 糖尿 hematuria 血尿 ketonuria 酮尿 pneumatinuria 气尿 proteinuria 蛋白尿 pyuria 脓尿

amenorrhea 经闭，无月经 dysmenorrhea 痛经 menorrhagia 月经过多 lochia 恶露

menorrhea 行经，月经过多 menstruation 月经

uterine contraction 子宫收缩

blotch 斑点

bruise 挫伤，青肿 acne 痤疮，粉刺

desquamation 脱皮，脱屑 ecchymosis 瘀斑

loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈 nevus 痣 papule 丘疹

petechia 瘀点，瘀斑 pigmentation 色素沉着 pustule 脓疱 purpura 紫癫

red nodule 红结节 roseola 玫瑰疹 scar 伤疤

senile plaque 老人斑 spider anaioma 蛛形痣

subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节 urticaria 荨麻疹 vesicle 小水疱 vitiligo 白斑

blindness 失明

blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊 impaired vision 视力下降 lacrimation 流泪

papilledema 视神经乳头水肿 photophobia 畏光，羞明

retinal detachment 视网膜脱离

deafness 聋

hearing loss 听力丧失 tinnitus 耳鸣

epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血 impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍 nasal discharge 鼻涕 nasal obstruction 鼻塞 sneeze 喷嚏 snore 打鼾

aphonia, loss of voice 失音症 hoarseness 嘶哑

gum bleeding 齿龈出血

herpes labialis 唇疱疹，感冒疮 Koplik’s spots 科普利克斑 lead line of the gum 龈铅线 salivation, drooling 流口水 straw-berry tongue 草莓舌 tremulous tongue 舌震颤

atrophy 萎缩 contracture 挛缩

deformity 畸形，变形 dislocation 脱位 fracture 骨折

closed (simple)fracture 无创骨折，单纯性骨折comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折

compound fracture 哆开（开放性）骨折 knock-knee 膝外翻 opisthotonos 角弓反张 prosthesis 假体 spasm 痉挛

tetany (肌)强直，手足抽搦 wrist drop 腕下垂

aphasia 失语 ataxia 共济失调 coma 昏迷

consciousness 知觉，意识 convulsion 抽搐，惊厥 delirium 谵妄 delusion 妄想 faint 昏厥

hallucination 幻觉 hemiplegia 偏瘫

increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高 insanity 精神错乱

loss of orientation 定向丧失 mania 躁狂

memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症