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最后是土层物理力学参数（表2-1）。

天然 地层 Qml人工填土① Qdl 植物层② Qdl粉质粘土③ Qel粉质粘土④ D强风化泥灰岩⑤ D 中风化泥灰岩⑥ 指标 重度 γ (kN/m3) 18.5 18.0 19.5 19.8 21.0 22.0 内摩擦角 凝聚力土体与锚固体极限摩φ（度） C(kPa) 阻力标准值 (kPa) 10 6 20 18 30 33 10 8 28 30 80 150 20 60 70 60 100 120 2.3.2边坡设计原则

1、边坡设计要解决的根本问题是在边坡稳定与经济之间选择一种合理的平衡，力求一最经济的途径使服务于工程建筑的边坡满足稳定性和可靠性的要求。

2、在边坡稳定性分析与推力计算中涉及的主要荷载有：边坡岩土体自重、边坡上各种建筑附加荷载、地下水产生的静水压力和渗透压力、地震荷载等。各种荷载效应组合应根据现行国家有关规范，按照最不利原则进行组合。

3、边坡工程的设计应包括支护结构选型、计算和构造，并对施工、监测及质量验收提出要求。

4、边坡设计中，应根据边坡的具体情况，结合主体工程建筑实施多项措施综合治理原则。在保证边坡自身整体稳定前提下，综合考虑主体建筑物、周边建筑物、周边环境以及整体美观、适用、经济等特点进行优化设计。

5、岩土工程生态环境保护问题已在岩土工程界得到广泛重视，支挡结构的设计和施工要与边坡植被防护有机结合。

第三章 边坡稳定性分析与评价附录：外文翻译

In Wang Zuoliang?s translation practices, he translated many poems, especially the poems written by Robert Burns. His translation of Burn?s “A Red, Red Rose” brought him fame as a verse translator. At the same time, he published about ten papers on the translation of poems. Some argue that poems cannot be translated. Frost stresses that poetry might get lost in translation. According to Wang, verse translation is possible and necessary, for “The poet-translator brings over some exciting work from another culture and in doing so is also writing his own best work, thereby adding something to his culture. In this transmission and exchange, a richer, more colorful world emerges. ”(Wang, 1991:112).

Then how can we translate poems? According to Wang?s understanding, the translation of poems is related to three aspects: A poem?s meaning, poetic art and language. （1）A poem?s meaning

“Socio-cultural differences are formidable enough, but the matter is made much more complex when one realizes that meaning does not consist in the meaning of words only, but also in syntactical structures, speech rhythms, levels of style.” (Wang, 1991:93). （2）Poetic art

According to Wang, “Bly?s point about the ?marvelous translation? being made possible in the United States only after Whitman, Pound and Williams Carlos Williams composed poetry in speech rhythms shows what may be gained when there is a genuine revolution in poetic art.” (Wang, 1991:93). （3）Language

“Sometimes language stays static and sometimes language stays active.When language is active, it is beneficial to translation”“This would require this kind of intimate understanding, on the part of the translator, of its genius, its idiosyncrasies, its past and present, what it can do and what it choose not to do.” (Wang, 1991:94).

Wang expresses the difficulties of verse translation. Frost?s comment is sufficient to prove the difficulty a translator has to grapple with. Maybe among literary translations, the translation of poems is the most difficult thing. Poems are the crystallization of wisdom. The difficulties of poetic comprehension lie not only in lines, but also in structure, such as cadence, rhyme, metre, rhythm, all these conveying information. One point merits our attention. Wang not only talks about the times? poetic art, but also the impact language?s activity has produced on translation. In times when the language is active, translation is prospering. The reform of poetic art has improved the translation quality of poems. For example, around May Fourth Movement, Baihua replaced classical style of writing, so the translation achieved earth-shaking success. The relation between the state of language and translation is so