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31) If reserves in the banking system increase by $100, then checkable deposits will increase by $100 in the simple model of deposit creation when the required reserve ratio is A) 0.01. B) 0.10. C) 0.20. D) 1.00. Answer: D

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32) If reserves in the banking system increase by $100, then checkable deposits will increase by $2,000 in the simple model of deposit creation when the required reserve ratio is A) 0.01. B) 0.05. C) 0.10. D) 0.20. Answer: B

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33) If reserves in the banking system increase by $200, then checkable deposits will increase by $500 in the simple model of deposit creation when the required reserve ratio is A) 0.04. B) 0.25. C) 0.40. D) 0.50. Answer: C

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34) If a bank has excess reserves of $10,000 and demand deposit liabilities of $80,000, and if the reserve requirement is 20 percent, then the bank has actual reserves of A) $16,000. B) $20,000. C) $26,000. D) $36,000. Answer: C

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35) If a bank has excess reserves of $20,000 and demand deposit liabilities of $80,000, and if the reserve requirement is 20 percent, then the bank has total reserves of A) $16,000. B) $20,000. C) $26,000. D) $36,000. Answer: D

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36) If a bank has excess reserves of $5,000 and demand deposit liabilities of $80,000, and if the reserve requirement is 20 percent, then the bank has actual reserves of A) $11,000. B) $20,000. C) $21,000. D) $26,000. Answer: C

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37) If a bank has excess reserves of $15,000 and demand deposit liabilities of $80,000, and if the reserve requirement is 20 percent, then the bank has total reserves of A) $11,000. B) $21,000. C) $31,000. D) $41,000. Answer: C

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38) If a bank has excess reserves of $4,000 and demand deposit liabilities of $100,000, and if the reserve requirement is 15 percent, then the bank has actual reserves of A) $17,000. B) $19,000. C) $24,000. D) $29,000. Answer: B

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39) If a bank has excess reserves of $4,000 and demand deposit liabilities of $100,000, and if the reserve requirement is 10 percent, then the bank has actual reserves of A) $14,000. B) $19,000. C) $24,000. D) $29,000. Answer: A

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40) If a bank has excess reserves of $7,000 and demand deposit liabilities of $100,000, and if the reserve requirement is 15 percent, then the bank has actual reserves of A) $17,000. B) $22,000. C) $27,000. D) $29,000. Answer: B

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41) If a bank has excess reserves of $7,000 and demand deposit liabilities of $100,000, and if the reserve requirement is 10 percent, then the bank has actual reserves of A) $14,000. B) $17,000. C) $22,000. D) $27,000. Answer: B

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42) A bank has excess reserves of $6,000 and demand deposit liabilities of $100,000 when the required reserve ratio is 20 percent. If the reserve ratio is raised to 25 percent, the bank's excess reserves will be A) -$5,000. B) -$1,000. C) $1,000. D) $5,000. Answer: C

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43) A bank has excess reserves of $4,000 and demand deposit liabilities of $100,000 when the required reserve ratio is 20 percent. If the reserve ratio is raised to 25 percent, the bank's excess reserves will be A) -$5,000. B) -$1,000. C) $1,000. D) $5,000. Answer: B

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44) A bank has excess reserves of $10,000 and demand deposit liabilities of $100,000 when the required reserve ratio is 20 percent. If the reserve ratio is raised to 25 percent, the bank's excess reserves will be A) -$5,000. B) -$1,000. C) $1,000. D) $5,000. Answer: D

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45) A bank has no excess reserves and demand deposit liabilities of $100,000 when the required reserve ratio is 20 percent. If the reserve ratio is raised to 25 percent, the bank's excess reserves will now be A) -$5,000. B) -$1,000. C) $1,000. D) $5,000. Answer: A

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46) A bank has excess reserves of $1,000 and demand deposit liabilities of $80,000 when the reserve requirement is 20 percent. If the reserve requirement is lowered to 10 percent, the bank's excess reserves will be A) $1,000. B) $8,000. C) $9,000. D) $17,000.

Answer: C

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47) A bank has excess reserves of $1,000 and demand deposit liabilities of $80,000 when the reserve requirement is 25 percent. If the reserve requirement is lowered to 20 percent, the bank's excess reserves will be A) $1,000. B) $5,000. C) $8,000. D) $9,000. Answer: B

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48) Decisions by depositors to increase their holdings of ________, or of banks to hold ________ will result in a smaller expansion of deposits than the simple model predicts. A) deposits; required reserves B) deposits; excess reserves C) currency; required reserves D) currency; excess reserves Answer: D

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49) Decisions by depositors to increase their holdings of ________, or of banks to hold excess reserves will result in a ________ expansion of deposits than the simple model predicts. A) deposits; smaller B) deposits; larger C) currency; smaller D) currency; larger Answer: C

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50) Decisions by ________ about their holdings of currency and by ________ about their holdings of excess reserves affect the money supply. A) borrowers; depositors B) banks; depositors C) depositors; borrowers D) depositors; banks Answer: D

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51) Assume that no banks hold excess reserves, and the public holds no currency. If a bank sells a $100 security to the Fed, explain what happens to this bank and two additional steps in the deposit expansion process, assuming a 10% reserve requirement. How much do deposits and loans increase for the banking system when the process is completed?

Answer: Bank A first changes a security for reserves, and then lends the reserves, creating loans. It receives $100 in reserves from the sale of securities. Since all of these reserve will be excess

reserves (there was no change in checkable deposits), the bank will loan out all $100. The $100 will then be deposited into Bank B. This bank now has a change in reserves of $100, of which $90 is excess reserves. Bank B will loan out this $90, which will be deposited into Bank C. Bank C now has an increase in reserves of $90, $81 of which is excess reserves. Bank C will loan out this $81 dollars and the process will continue until there are no more excess reserves in the banking system. For the banking system, both loans and deposits increase by $1000. Ques Status: Previous Edition

52) Explain two reasons why the Fed does not have complete control over the level of bank deposits and loans. Explain how a change in either factor affects the deposit expansion process.

Answer: The Fed does not completely control the level of bank deposits and loans because banks can hold excess reserves and the public can change its currency holdings. A change in either factor changes the deposit expansion process. An increase in either excess reserves or currency reduces the amount by which deposits and loans are increased. Ques Status: Previous Edition

53) Explain why the simple deposit multiplier overstates the true deposit multiplier.

Answer: The simple model ignores the role banks and their customers play in the creation process. The bank's customers can decide to hold currency and the bank can decide to hold excess reserves. Both of these will restrict the banking system's ability to create deposits. Thus, the true multiplier is less than the prediction of the simple deposit multiplier. Ques Status: Previous Edition