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39) Everything else held constant, a decrease in the required reserve ratio on checkable deposits causes the M1 money multiplier to ________ and the money supply to ________. A) decrease; increase B) increase; increase C) decrease; decrease D) increase; decrease Answer: B
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40) Assuming initially that r = 10%, c = 40%, and e = 0, an increase in r to 15% causes the M1 money multiplier to ________, everything else held constant. A) increase from 2.55 to 2.8 B) decrease from 2.8 to 2.55 C) increase from 1.82 to 2 D) decrease from 2 to 1.82 Answer: B
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41) Assuming initially that r = 10%, c = 40%, and e = 0, a decrease in r to 5% causes the M1 money multiplier to ________, everything else held constant. A) increase from 2.8 to 3.11 B) decrease from 3.11 to 2.8 C) increase from 2 to 2.22 D) decrease from 2.22 to 2 Answer: A
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42) Everything else held constant, an increase in the currency-checkable deposit ratio will mean A) an increase in currency in circulation and an increase in the money supply. B) an increase in money supply but no change in reserves. C) a decrease in the money supply.
D) an increase in currency in circulation but no change in the money supply. Answer: C
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43) Everything else held constant, a decrease in the currency-checkable deposit ratio will mean A) an increase in currency in circulation and an increase in the money supply. B) an increase in money supply. C) a decrease in the money supply.
D) an increase in currency in circulation but no change in the money supply. Answer: B
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44) Everything else held constant, an increase in the currency ratio causes the M1 money multiplier to ________ and the money supply to ________. A) decrease; increase B) increase; decrease C) decrease; decrease D) increase; increase Answer: C
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45) Everything else held constant, a decrease in the currency ratio causes the M1 money multiplier to ________ and the money supply to ________. A) decrease; increase B) increase; increase C) decrease; decrease D) increase; decrease Answer: B
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46) Assuming initially that r = 10%, c = 40%, and e = 0, an increase in c to 50% causes the M1 money multiplier to ________, everything else held constant. A) increase from 2.5 to 2.8 B) decrease from 2.8 to 2.5 C) increase from 2.33 to 2.8 D) decrease from 2.8 to 2.33 Answer: B
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47) Assuming initially that r = 10%, c = 40%, and e = 0, an decrease in c to 30% causes the M1 money multiplier to ________, everything else held constant. A) increase from 2.8 to 3.25 B) decrease from 3.25 to 2.8 C) increase from 2.8 to 3.5 D) decrease from 3.5 to 2.8 Answer: A
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48) Every thing else held constant, a decrease in the excess reserves ratio causes the M1 money multiplier to ________ and the money supply to ________. A) decrease; increase B) increase; increase C) decrease; decrease D) increase; decrease Answer: B
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49) Everything else held constant, an increase in the excess reserves ratio causes the M1 money multiplier to ________ and the money supply to ________. A) decrease; increase B) increase; increase C) decrease; decrease D) increase; decrease Answer: C
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50) Assuming initially that r = 15%, c = 40%, and e = 5%, a decrease in e to 0% causes the M1 money multiplier to ________, everything else held constant. A) increase from 2.33 to 2.55 B) decrease from 2.55 to 2.33 C) increase from 1.67 to 1.82 D) decrease from 1.82 to 1.67 Answer: A
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51) Assuming initially that r = 15%, c = 40%, and e = 5%, an increase in e to 10% causes the M1 money multiplier to ________, everything else held constant. A) increase from 2.15 to 2.33 B) decrease from 2.33 to 2.15 C) increase from 1.54 to 1.67 D) decrease from 1.67 to 1.54 Answer: B
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52) The excess reserves ratio is ________ related to expected deposit outflows, and is ________ related to the market interest rate. A) negatively; negatively B) negatively; positively C) positively; negatively D) positively; positively Answer: C
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53) The money supply is ________ related to expected deposit outflows, and is ________ related to the market interest rate. A) negatively; negatively B) negatively; positively C) positively; negatively D) positively; positively Answer: B
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54) The money multiplier is
A) negatively related to high-powered money. B) positively related to the excess reserves ratio. C) negatively related to the required reserve ratio. D) positively related to holdings of excess reserves. Answer: C
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55) Recognizing the distinction between borrowed reserves and the nonborrowed monetary base, the money supply model is specified as A) M = m × (MBn - BR). B) M = m × (MBn + BR). C) M = m + (MBn - BR). D) M = m - (MBn + BR). Answer: B
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56) During the bank panics of the Great Depression the currency ratio A) increased sharply. B) decreased sharply. C) increased slightly. D) decreased slightly. Answer: A
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57) During the bank panics of the Great Depression the excess reserve ratio A) increased sharply. B) decreased sharply. C) increased slightly. D) decreased slightly. Answer: A
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58) In the early 1930s, the currency ratio rose, as did the level of excess reserves. Money supply analysis predicts that, everything else held constant, the money supply should have A) risen. B) fallen.
C) remain unchanged.
D) either risen, fallen, or remain unchanged. Answer: B
Ques Status: Revised
59) Explain the complete formula for the M1 money supply, and explain how changes in required reserves, excess reserves, the currency ratio, the nonborrowed base, and borrowed reserves affect the money supply.
1 ? cAnswer: The formula is M = × (MBn + BR). The formula indicates that the money supply
r ?e ? cis the product of the multiplier times the base. Increases in any of the multiplier components,
required reserves, r; excess reserves, e; or the currency ratio, c; reduce the multiplier and the money supply. Increases in the nonborrowed base and borrowed reserves both increase the base and the money supply.
Ques Status: Previous Edition
60) The monetary base increased by 20% during the contraction of 1929-1933, but the money supply fell by 25%. Explain why this occurred. How can the money supply fall when the base increases?
Answer: The banking crisis caused the public to fear for the safety of their deposits, increasing both the currency ratio and bank holdings of excess reserves in anticipation of deposit outflows. Both of these changes reduce the money multiplier and the money supply. In this case, the fall in the
multiplier due to increases of currency and excess reserves more than offset the increase in the base, causing the money supply to fall. Ques Status: Previous Edition
14.8 APPENDIX: The Fed's Balance Sheet and the Monetary Base 1) Which is the most important category of Fed assets? A) Securities B) Discount loans
C) Gold and SDR certificates
D) Cash items in the process of collection Answer: A
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2) The two most important categories of assets on the Fed's balance sheet are ________ and ________ because they earn interest. A) discount loans; coins B) securities; discount loans C) gold; coins
D) cash items in the process of collection; SDR certificate accounts Answer: B
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3) The Fed's holdings of securities consist primarily of ________, but also in the past have included ________.
A) Treasury securities; bankers' acceptances B) municipal securities; bankers' acceptances C) bankers' acceptances; Treasury securities D) Treasury securities; municipal securities Answer: A
Ques Status: Revised
4) The volume of loans that the Fed makes to banks is affected by the Fed's setting of the interest rate on these loans, called the A) federal funds rate. B) prime rate. C) discount rate. D) interbank rate. Answer: C
Ques Status: Previous Edition