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空压站就是压缩空气站，由空气压缩机、储气罐（分为一级、二级储气罐）、空气处理净化设备、冷干机组成。压缩空气站在厂（矿）内的布置，应根据以下因素确定经技术经济方案。 靠近负荷中心；供电、供水合理；有扩建的可能性；避免靠近散发爆炸性、腐蚀性和有毒气体以及粉尘等有害物的场所，并位于上述场所全年风向最小频率的下风侧；压缩空气站对有噪声、振动防护要求场所的间距，应符合国家现行的有关标准规范的规定。
摘 要
随着社会的全面发展和进步，空气压缩机因其独特的特点在很多方面得到应用，比如风动机械的驱动、压风自救等。
本课题空气压缩机及压风管路设计是根据煤炭工程学院机械工程系本科生（矿山机电方向）培养方案选题的。内容包括螺杆式空压机的适用范围及研究目的、空压机在压风自救中的应用、国内外空压机的发展、空气压缩机的通则、系统流程、螺杆式空压机PLC电控系统的设计、空压机的选型及压风管路内径的选择、空压机房的布置及压风管路的设计。
关键词：空压机； 压风管路； PLC；压风自救
ABSTRACT
With the overall development and progress of society, because of its unique features air compressor to get applications in many areas, such as wind-driven machinery, self wind pressure and so on.
The issue of air compressors and air pressure piping design training program is based on the topic of coal College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering undergraduate (mine electromechanical direction). Including the scope and research purposes screw air compressor, air compressor used in air pressure, self-help in the development of domestic and international air compressor, air compressor General, system processes, electronically controlled screw compressor PLC system design, selection and pressure air compressor piping diameter selection, design layout and air pressure pipeline compressor room.
Keywords: air compressor; the compressed air pipe; PLC; air pressure self-help
目 录
1 概括 ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1使用范围及研究目的 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2空压机在煤矿生产及安全救险中的应用 .................................................................................. 1 1.3国内外空压机的发展 .................................................................................................................. 2 1.4矿用螺杆式空压机的特点 .......................................................................................................... 2 2 空气压缩机的通则 ................................................................................................................................ 4
2.1螺杆式空压机简介 ...................................................................................................................... 4 2.2螺杆式空压机的构造及各零件功能 .......................................................................................... 4 2.3螺杆式空压机的工作原理(风冷) ................................................................................................ 7 3 系统流程 .............................................................................................................................................. 11
3.1空气流程 .................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2润滑油流程 ................................................................................................................................ 12 3.3气路控制系统 ............................................................................................................................ 14 4 电控制系统 .......................................................................................................................................... 16
4.1控制系统组成 ............................................................................................................................ 16 4.2微机控制器介绍 ........................................................................................................................ 17 4.3控制原理 .................................................................................................................................... 22 4.3PLC选型 ..................................................................................................................................... 24 5 压风设备的选型设计 .......................................................................................................................... 26
5.1设计依据 .................................................................................................................................... 26 5.2供气量计算及压气机选型 ........................................................................................................ 26 5.3压气管路内径选择 .................................................................................................................... 29 5.4验算管道压力损失 ................................................................................................................... 30 6 空压机及压气管路设计 ...................................................................................................................... 31
6.1空压机房选址及机房设计 ........................................................................................................ 31 6.2压缩机的工艺系统 .................................................................................................................... 32 6.3压缩机的保护 ........................................................................................................................... 33 6.4 压风管路设计 ........................................................................................................................... 33 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................................. 35 致 谢 .................................................................................................................................................. 36