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定语从句（一）关系代词The Attributive Clause---- Relative Pronoun

一、 定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰

的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。 二、关系词

定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 三、关系代词 主语 宾语 定语 代替人 who whom/who whose 代替物 which which whose 代替人或物 that that 1. that的用法

that既可以指人，也可以指物，指人时可与who, whom互换，指物时有时可与which互换。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。

①His father works in a factory that/which makes car. 他父亲在一家汽车制造厂工作。

作主语，指物

②The lady (that/who/whom) I want to visit taught me French at that time.我要去 拜访的那位女士那个时候教我法语。

作宾语，指人

③The school that/which we visited yesterday is a good one.我们昨天参观的学校是所好学校。

作宾语，指物

2. which的用法

which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略（放在介词后除外）。Which也可以指代这个主句。

①A dictionary is a book which/that gives the meaning of words. 字典就是讲解单词意思的书

作主语

②Here is the book (which/that) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 这就是老师昨天说得那本书

作宾语 ③The sun heats the sun, which makes it possible for man to live.太阳给地球热量，这使得人类能够生存。

代替整个主句

3. who/whom的用法

Whom在从句中用作宾语，现在仅用于正式文体。用who代替whom在从句中做宾语，主语用于口语。如：

①The gentleman whom Rose encountered addressed her with courtesy. 罗斯遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。（正式文体）

②The man who I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。（非正式文体）

在口语中，who, whom, which在从句中做动词宾语时，常常省去。如： ①I don’t like people who talk much but do little. 我不喜欢光说不练的人。

作主语 ②Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate你认识我们在门口遇见的那个年轻人吗

作宾语 ③He didn’t become the person who his father wanted him to be.他没有成为他父亲希望的那种人。

作表语

注意：whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who代替。

I have many friends to whom I will send postcards. 我有许多需要寄贺卡的朋友。

4. whose的用法

whose在从句中作定语，可以指人也可以指物。

①The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. 这个女孩学习很努力，她的父亲是教师。 指人 ②We have English classes in the classroom whose door is broken.我们在那个门坏了的教室上英语课。

指物

四、限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

1. 限制性定语从句：主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会失掉意义不能成立。如：①He is reading a book which is too difficult for him.

②Here is the boy who damaged the glass.

2. 非限制性定语从句：主句和从句用逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分起到进一步说明的作用，拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。如： ①The book is written by Guo Jinming,who is only 19 years old. ②Bob’s father, who was an engineer, spent 4 years in Egypt.

③Shanghai, which is developing fast, has become one of world’s trade centers. 【注意】：

非限制性定语从句不能用that引导

①She is very fond of French, which indeed she speaks quite well.

which还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情

①Their house is washed away by the floods, which made them very sad. ②He lost his job finally, which was exactly what we wanted.

五、关系代词的省略

引导限制性宾语从句的关系代词在作宾语、表语时可以省略，但作主语和引导非限制性定语从句时，关系代词不可省略。

①I have been the city twice（which/that）you just visited.你刚参观完的那座城市，我去过两次。

②After 10 years, John is not the naughty boy(who/that) he used to 年后，约翰已经不是当年那个淘气的男孩了。 练一练 A. 用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词： 主句：______ 定语从句：（） 先行词：先行词关系词：that 例：This is the book (that I have been looking for). 1. The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.

2. Have you bought the book which we talked about

3. I still remember the day which we spent together last week.

4. He still lives in the house whose windows face south.

5. The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class.

6. The girl who you met was John’s sister. B．填入适当的关系词

1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music. 2. Yesterday Emmy was wearing the new dress ________ I gave her. 3. The man ________ leg was broken in a match was a football player.

4. Kevin is reading a book ________ is too difficult for him.

5. The family ________ I’m staying with lives in the country. 6. I know the student ________ book was published.

7. Betty, ________ has never been abroad, is studying English hard. 8. My parents live in a house ________ is more than 100 years old. 9. The boy with ________ John spoke is my brother. 10. Shanghai is the city ________ I visited last summer.

1 who 2 which/that / 3 whose 4 which/that 5 that/省略 6 whose 7 who 8 which / that 9 whom 10 that /which /省略

C．单项选择

1. Who is the man ________ is reading a book over there （杭州） A. that B. whose C. which D. what 2. The man ________ is talking with my teacher is Tom’s father. （四川眉山） 3. 4.

A. who C. whose D. which

Li Mei is the student ________ handwriting is the best in our class.（贵州铜仁） A. whose B. whom C. who

The people ________ helped us build our hometown are from Beijing.（四川德阳） A. which B. whom C. who

5. There will be a stamp show in the museum ________ we visited last week. （嘉兴、舟山） A. who B. when C. which 6. Peter likes music ________ is very loud and energetic. （山东临沂） A. that B. who C. whom D. /

7. One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou ________ are often visited by

foreigners is the West Slender Lake. （扬州） A. what B. who C. that D. / 8. —Who is your new head teacher this semester（黄冈）

—The woman ________ is wearing a red skirt. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which

9. —Do you know the man ________ is reading the book over there （湖北襄阳）

—Yes, he’s Mr. Green, our PE teacher. A. which B. what C. whom D. who

10. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ________ I met in the English speech contest last year. （湖北十堰） A. who B. where C. when 11. —What are you looking for （长沙）

D. which

—I’m looking for the book ________ you lent me yesterday.

A. that B. who C. whose

12. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion ________ you had with your dad

yesterday. （河南） A. what B. which C. when D. who 1---5 AAACC 6---10 ACBDA 11---12 AB