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定语从句（二）关系副词The Attributive Clause--- Relative Adverb

一、关系副词

关系副词在句子中作状语。常用的关系副词有where, when, why, that等。

关系副词 when where why 先行词 表示时间的名词 表示地点的名词 reason 在从句中充当的成分 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语

二、关系副词的用法

when的用法 when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常为time, day, morning, night, week, year等。

①I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. 我永远也不会忘记来北京的第一天。

②He came at a time when we needed help. 他在我们需要帮助的时候来了。 where的用法

where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place, factory, street, house, room, city, town, country, village, school等。

①This is the house where I was born. 这就是我出生的房子。

②The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. 他父亲工作的那家工厂在城市的东边。 why的用法

why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是reason。

①Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没有人知道他为什么总是迟到。

②Who can tell me the reason why the train was delayed 谁能告诉我火车延误的原因

引导定语从句的关系副词代替与其相应的先行词，并且在从句中分别做时间、地点和原因状语，关系副词在意义上常常相当于一个“介词+which”结构。如： ①I shall never forget the day when we first met. 我永远忘不了我们第一次相遇的那一天。

= I shall never forget the day on which we first met.

②Beijing is the place where I was born. 北京是我出生的地方。 = Beijing is the place in which I was born.

③Is this the reason for which he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们的理由吗

= Is this the reason why he refused our offer

由此可见：

三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 介词+which

此结构相当于一个关系副词，介词的选用由which所代替的名词在构成介词短语时与介词的固定搭配所决定。

①We don’t know the time when/at which the meeting will begin. 我们不知道会议开始的时间。（at the time → at which= when） ②This is the house where/in which he was born.

这是他出生的那间房子。（in the house → in which=where） 介词+whom

当关系代词代替的是人而不是物，并在定语从句中作介词宾语时，要用whom。 ①The man with whom you talked just now is our manager. =The man who you talked with just now is our manager. 你刚才与他谈话的那个人就是我们的经理。

②This is the hero of whom we are proud.

= This is the hero who/whom/that we are proud of. 这就是我们引以为荣的英雄。 名词/代词+介词+关系代词

①I bought a dozen eggs, half of which were broken when I got home. 我买了一打鸡蛋，当我到家时，碎了一半。 练一练 A．填入适当的关系词 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Shanghai is the place ________ I went last summer.

The reason ________ Peter is so happy is that he passed the driving test. I remember the day ________ my dog died. I will go back to the city ________ I grow up. Sep. 1st is the day ________ the school starts.

when = on (in, at, during…) + which where = in (at, on…) + which why = for which 6. The factory ________ my father works makes telephones. 7. This is the room ________ she does her homework every day. 8. We went to visit the house ________ the great writer was born.

9. I will never forget the day ________ we first met.

10. Please tell me the reason _______ you were late again. Key:

1. where 2. why 3 .when/on which 4. where 5 .when 6 .where 7 .where 8 .where 9 .when 10. why

B. 分别用关系副词、介词+关系代词填空

1. The library __________ __________ I often borrow books is not far from here.

The library __________ I often borrow books is not far from here. 2. Is this the bus __________ __________ you left your umbrella

Is this the bus __________ you left your umbrella

3. October 1, 1949 was the day __________ __________ the People’s Republic of

China was founded. October 1, 1949 was the day __________ the People’s Republic of China was founded.

4. Children are looking forward to the holidays __________ __________ they can

play together.

Children are looking forward to the holidays __________ they can play together. 5. Who knows the reason __________ __________ the girl is crying

Who knows the reason __________ the girl is crying

6. The reason __________ __________ the flowers are dead is too much water.

The reason __________ the flowers are dead is too much water. Key:

1. from which; where 2. on which; where 3. on which; when 4. in which; when 5. for which; why 6. for which; why

C．单项选择

1. After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town ______ he grew

up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 2. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 3. Is this the plane ________ he came to New York

A. which B. by which C. that D. in which 4. This is the school ________ I studied three years ago. A. where B. when C. that D. which 5. —What do you usually do in your leisure time

—I enjoy reading in the library ________ I lose myself in a world of good books.

A. which B. that C. where

6. I can’t forget the time ________ the earthquake happened in Yushu. A. when B. which C. that D. where 7. I still remember the park ________ we first met. A. that B. which C. where D. when 8. The old man has two sons, ________ are lawyers. A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they 9. He is a man of great knowledge, ________ much can be learned. A. in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom 10. He has left Beijing, ________ a meeting is to be held. A. when B. where C. as D. which Key: 1---5 BDDAC 6---10 ACCCB

D. 自我挑战

1. I’ll give you my friend’s home address, ________ I can be reached most evenings. （北京） A. which B. when C. whom D. where

2. All the neighbor admire this family, _____ the parents are treating their child like a friend. （安徽） A. why B. where C. which D. that 3. Life is like a long race ________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. （重庆） A. why B. what C. that D. where 4. —What do you think of teaching

—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting. （北京） A. where B. which C. when D. that

5. Sales director is a position____ communication ability is just as important as sales ability. （重庆） A. which B. that C. when D. where 6. We live in an age _______ more information is available with great ease than ever before. （浙江） A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which Key: 1---6 DBDADB

定语从句（三）定语从句的难点The Attributive Clause

一、 只能使用that，不用which, who 的情况

1. 当先行词是all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时；

①All that can be done has been done. 能做的都已经做了。 ②I didn’t mean this one; I mean the one that was bought yesterday. 我不是指这个，我是指昨天买的那个。

2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the right, few, just等词修饰时；

①There’s no difficulty that we can’t overcome. 没有我们克服不了的困难。 ②I’ve read all the books that can be borrowed here. 我已经读完了这里能借的所有书。

3. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时；

①This is the first letter that I’ve written in Japanese. 这是我用日语写得第一封信。

②She is the most careful girl that I’ve ever known. 她是我认识的最认真的女孩。 ③He was the first that gave us some useful advice. 他是第一个给我们一些有用建议的人。

4. 当先行词既有人又有物时；

①They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited. 他们谈论了他们见过的老师和学校。

②The speaker talked of some writers and books that were unknown to us. 演讲者提到的一些作者和作品我们都不知道。

5. 当主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊疑问句时；

①Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop 在车站等车的那个人是谁 ②Which is the car that overtook us yesterday 昨天超过我们的是哪辆车

6. 当主句以There be…结构开头时，或关系代词在there be…结构中作实义主语，先行词为物。如：

①There is a seat in the corner that is still free. ②There are two tickets of the film that are for you.

二、只能用which，不用that 的情况： 1. 在非限制性定语从中。如：

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. 会议延期了，这正是我们所希望的。