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2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练（38）及答案
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
A person named Bernard Jackson today is a free man, but he has many bitter memories. He spent five years in prison after a jury (陪审团) wrongly convicted (判处??有罪) him of raping two women. At Jackson’s trial, although two witnesses testified that Jackson was with them in another location at the
time of the crime, he was convicted anyway. Why? The jury believed the testimony (证词) of the two victims, who positively identified Jackson as the man who had attacked them. The court eventually freed Jackson after the police found the real criminal.
Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. For instance, witnesses sometimes see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a group of people. They can become confused by seeing many photographs of similar faces. The number of people in the group, and whether it is a person or a photograph, may also affect a witness’s decision. People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.
Many people believe that police officers are more reliable than ordinary people. Psychologists decided to test this idea, and they discovered that it is not true. Two psychologists showed a film of crimes to both police officers and civilians. The psychologists found no difference between the police and the civilians in correctly remembering the details of the crimes.
Despite all the possibilities for inaccuracy, courts cannot leave out eyewitness testimony from a trial. American courts depend almost completely on eyewitness testimony to resolve (决定) court cases. Sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime, such as rape. Furthermore, eyewitness testimony is often correct. Although people do sometimes make mistakes, and convict innocent people, more importantly, eyewitness testimony has rightly convicted a larger number of guilty people.
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American courts depend on the ability of the twelve jurors, and not the judges, to determine the accuracy of the witness’s testimony. It is their responsibility to decide if a certain witness could actually see, hear and remember what happened. 1．Bernard Jackson was found guilty and sentenced 5 years’ prison because .
A．the police discovered evidence leading to his guilt B．he admitted the crime of raping two women C．the victims insisted that he was the attacker D．the eyewitness proved the victims’ testimony
2．The following statements may be the reasons for why sometimes the eyewitness’
testimony is not accurate EXCEPT .
A．the eyewitness is confused by the police’s questions B．the eyewitness is shown photos of many similar faces C．the eyewitness lacks the professional help from police D．the eyewitness can’t identify people of other races clearly 3．An inaccurate eyewitness testimony may lead to .
A．the misunderstanding of the case B．the disbelief in the court C．the disrespect for the eyewitness D．the conviction of an innocent person
4．Eyewitness testimony is important because .
A．it can be relied on to detect criminals in all cases. B．it is sometimes the only way to resolve court cases. C．it is sometimes the only clue for police investigation. D．it is more reliable than physical evidences to a crime. 5．According to the text, we can infer that .
A．police identification is more reliable than that of the ordinary people B．eyewitness testimony is valuable, though sometimes incorrect.
C．crime victims often fail to give positive identification of the suspects D．the jury relies on the judge rather than the eyewitness for a decision
参考答案 CCDBB
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C8 [2013·大纲全国卷] E
The oldest and most common source(来源)of renewable energy known to man, biomass is one of the most important forms of energy production in the United States and elsewhere.Since such a wide variety of biomass materials is everywhere—from trees and grasses to agricultural and city－life wastes—biomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world.
According to the Union of Concerned Scientists(UCS), biomass is a kind of renewable energy source that produces no carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), because the energy it contains comes from the sun.When plant matter is burned, it gives off the sun's energy.In this way, biomass serves as a sort of natural battery(电池)for storing the sun's energy.As long as biomass is produced continuously—with only as much grown as is used—the “battery” lasts forever.
According to the Energy Information Administration, biomass has been one of the leading renewable energy sources in the United States for several years running through 2007, making up between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nation's total electricity supply.In 2008—although the numbers aren't all in yet—wind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.
Producing power from biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carbon dioxide each year.Some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials.Such practice may save homeowners' money, but it also produces a lot of pollution.So, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.
72．Why is biomass considered as “a sort of natural battery”？ A．It burns merely plant matter. B．It keeps producing electricity. C．It stores the energy from the sun. D．It produces zero carbon dioxide.
73．We learn from the text that in 2008 ________． A．wind power could be the leader of renewable energy B. there was a rapid growth of electricity production
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C．biomass might become the main energy source D．0.5～0.9% of power supply came from biomass
74．Why does the author encourage power plants to use biomass? A．To prevent the waste of energy. B．To increase production safety. C．To reduce pollution. D．To save money.
75．Where does the text probably come from? A．A research plan. B．A science magazine. C．A book review. D．A business report.
【要点综述】 本文是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍了biomass(生物量)的特征、优点以及它在美国能源中的地位。
72．C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“?because the energy it contains comes from the sun.When plant matter is burned, it gives off the sun's energy.In this way, biomass serves as a sort of natural battery for storing the sun's energy.”可知C正确。
73．A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In 2008—although the numbers aren't all in yet—wind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.”可知，2008年风能占居首位。关键词定位：A项中的the leader of 和文中first place意思相同。
74．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials.Such practice may save homeowners' money, but it also produces a lot of pollution.So, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.”可知C正确。
75．B 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文是一篇有关生物量能源的科普类文章。所以，它应该是科学杂志上的文章。故选B。
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The iPhone, the iPad: each of Apple’s products sounds cool and has become a fad(一时的风尚). Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter “i” – and many other brands are following suit. The BBC’s iPlayer – which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet –adopted the title in 2008. A lovely bear – popular in the US and UK – that plays music and video is called “iTeddy”. A slimmed-down version of London’s Independent newspaper was launched last week under the name “i”.
In general, single-letter prefixes (前缀) have been popular since the 1990s, when terms such as e-mail and e-commerce first came into use.
Most “i” products are targeted at young people and considering the major readers of Independent’s “i”, it’s no surprise that they’ve selected this fashionable name.
But it’s hard to see what’s so special about the letter “i”. Why not use “a”, “b”, or “c” instead? According to Tony Thorne, head of the Language Center at King’s College, London, “i” works because its meaning has become ambiguous. When Apple uses “i”, no one knows whether it means Internet, information, individual or interactive, Thorne told BBC Magazines. “Even when Apple created the iPod, it seems it didn’t have one clear definition,” he says.
“However, thanks to Apple, the term is now associated with portability (轻便) .”adds Thorne.
Clearly the letter “i” also agrees with the idea that the Western World is centered on the individual. Each person believes they have their own needs, and we love personalized products for this reason.
Along with “Google” and “blog”, readers of BBC Magazines voted “i” as one of the top 20 words that have come to define the last decade.
But as history shows, people grow tired of fads. From the 1900s to 1990s, products with “2000” in their names became fashionable as the year was associated with all things advanced and modern. However, as we entered the new century, the trend inevitably disappeared.
10. People use iPlayer to __________.
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