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定 语 从 句 复 习 导 学 案

一．定义：

用来修饰或限制主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可以是整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。

二. 类别：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

二者的基本区别：______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

三：定语从句中关系词的三大功能 作用 关 连接 系 作用 替代先行词 在从句中充当某一成分 词 who √ 人 主语（在口语中亦可作宾语/表语） 关 whom √ 人 宾语（在口语中可用who代，但在介词后只能用此词） 系 whose √ 人/ 物 定语（可用of + which取代） 代 which √ 物 / 句子 主语 / 宾语/ 表语 词 that √ 人 / 物 主语 / 宾语/ 表语 as √ 人/物/句子 主语 / 宾语/ 表语 关 when √ 时间名词 时间状语（可用“介词+which”取代） 系 where √ 地点名词 地点状语（可用“介词+which”取代） 副 词 why √ the reason 原因状语（可用“for + which”取代） 四：常见考点：

（一）.指物时只用that 或which 的情况 （二）指人时that 与who的区别

（三）如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词 （四）Whose 用法及转换形式 （五）as 与which的区别 （六）介词+关系代词

（七）定语从句中的主谓一致问题 （八）定语从句与其他从句的区分

详情如下：

（一） .指物时只用that不用which的情况

1，当先行词是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。 2，当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。 3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 4 主句是There be结构，修饰主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句：

There’s still a room that is free.

5、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：

We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.

6、当主句中有who,或which时，而定语从句中也要用到who或which时，为了避免重复，定语从句要用that引导。例如：

Who is the man that is standing by the door? (二) 指代人时只用who不用that的情况

1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如：

The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.

2、在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。例如： There’s a gentleman who wants to see you. 3、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。例如：

I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well. 4、一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。例如：

The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard. 注意：当关系代词前面有介词时，只能用whom。例如： The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.

（三）如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词

必须牢记一条：引导词不一定都是由先行词的定义来确定的，而是由关系词在定语从句中作什么成分来确定的。换句话说，先行词是表示时间的词，关系词不一定都是when,先行词是表示地点的词，关系词有时非where,先行词是the reason时，关系词why决非唯一 ，应仔细分析 关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分。 比较下面的句子

①I still remember the days ____we spent in the countryside ten years ago. ②The days are gone forever ____we didn’t have enough to eat. A. when B. on which C. that D. for which ③The place, ____I visited ten years ago, has turned big city.

④This is the very place ____the anti-Japanese soldiers fought over 60 years ago. A. that B. which C. where D .in which ⑤Have you asked her for the reason ____may explain for her absence?

○

6 Is this the reason _________ you were late? A. why B. that C. which D. for which

（四）、whose用法及转换形式 whose引导定语从句时，其先行词可以指人，也可以指物，可以用“the+名词+of which(whom)”或者“of which/(whom) the +名词”代替“whose+名词”结构。例如：

He studies in a school _______buildings(=the buildings _______________/ _________________ the buildings) are built on top of a hill.

I met a friend __________ name(= the name ___________________/ ______________ the name) I forgot then.

判断句子对错：This is the country whose the capital was struck by an earthquake.

I like the novel of which author has passed away.

（五） as 与which的区别

1 限制性定语从句中：

as引导的限制性定语从句时要求先行词受 the same, so，such或as 修饰， 定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、或者表语； which没有这方面的要求

He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.

They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented. Don't do so many things as you are not sure about. As many problems as existed have been settled.

Many problems which/that existed have been settled.

※比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （ _______从句） It is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（____________从句）

2 非限制性定语从句：

as指代主句的全部或部分内容，常译为“正如……”“就像……”等，定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后, as后常接expect, know, report, expect, point out， say, see等动词的主、被动语态,；which指代先行词，也可以指代主句内容，所引导从句只能位于主句之后。 As we all know ,smoking is harmful to one's health Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know . Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health. He has resigned, which surprises all his colleagues.

(六) 介词+关系代词

1. 定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯

The documents _______ which they were searching have been recovered. I wanted to find someone _______whom I could discuss books and music.

He referred me to some reference books ________which I am not very familiar. 注：有一些介词为固定搭配的一部分，此时它们的位置应注意。如： The boy (whom) my sister is looking after is getting better.

不能说成：The boy after whom my sister is looking is getting better. 2. 先行词与介词的搭配习惯

这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。如：

This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk. I’ll never forget the day _____ which she said goodbye to me. 3. 表示所属关系的of which [whom]

On the blackboard the teacher wrote a sentence, the meaning __________I don’t understand. 4. 表示整体与部分关系的of which [whom]

I have five English dictionaries _____________Longman Dictionary is the best.

The buses, most _______________were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. I met the fruit-pickers, several _____________ were university students. 5. 表示同位关系的of which [whom]

Her sons, both ________________work abroad, rang her up this morning.

（七）、定语从句中的主谓一致

定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致: 1.I am not one who ___ afraid of difficulty．

2.Don’t choose me, who _____not fit for this job．

3 This is one of the best films that ______been shown these days. 4 This is the only one of the students who _____passed the exam.

（八）定语从句与其他从句或句型的比较

1，与强调句型的区别。判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“It is/was ……that……”去掉后，主句的意思和结构是完整的。

It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

It was BC.600 ______ such an terrible earthquake happened.

It was an exciting moment for those football fans ___ __ they experienced for the first time in years . A. that B. which C. before D. when

2，that引导的限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 区别在于：①定语从句对先行词起着修饰、限定作用；而同位语从句对先行词起着解释、说明的作用。②引导词that在从句中的作用不同。在定语从句中，that既起连接作用，又须在定语从句中充当句子成分，如主语、表语，宾语(可以省略) ; 而在同位语从句中，that只起连接作用，不充当句子成分,但不可以省略。

We all have heard the news_____ our team won. （ ）

We don’t believe in the news _______ he told us yesterday.（ ） 3，定语从句与状语从句的区别。

状语从句是没有先行词的，整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语；定语从句是对先行词或主句起修饰限定作用的，所以介词+关系代词 （for which, from whom…）是不能出现在状语从句中

Why do you want to leave _________ you have such a new house?

Why do you want a new house you've got such a good one already? Why do you want a new house _______ you can put your books? A. when B. where C. which D. in which 4，定语从句与并列句的区别。

如果两个句子之间是分号，或有and，but，so等连接词，则这两个句子为两个并列句；如果两个句子之间是逗号，且没有上述的连接词，则这两个句子之间就是主从关系，须有一个引导词引导。 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, I will always treasure. They have more than 100 books ; most of are English . Some new designs are urgent, and some of _______ must be fantastic. A, which B, that C, whose D, them

对比练习 1.We should go to the place ___we are most needed. .We should go to the place_____ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. what 2 It was October _____we met in Dalian for the first time. It was in October _____we met in Dalian for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. while 3. He is such a good teacher_____ we all like him. He is such a good teacher_____ we all like. A. whom B. that C. as D. which

4 The news came__1__ the British Queen’s mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, __2__ isn’t surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care. A. that; which B. which; which C. that; that D. when; as 5 A modern city has been set up in the place ___ was a wasteland ten years ago. A modern city has been set up in _____ was a wasteland ten years ago.

A modern city has been set up _____ there was a wasteland ten years ago.

A. what B. which C. when D. where 6 ___ is known to everybody, the earth is round. ____the earth is round is known to everybody.

____ is known to everybody that the earth is round. A. That B. It C. As D. What 7. All ____ I need is a good rest. You know ____ I need is a good rest.

A. what B. all what C. that D. which

五．高考多角度考查定语从句

（一）、疑问句中考查定语从句

1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week? A. where B. the one C. on which D. /

(二)、倒装句中考查定语从句

2. We came to a place, ________ stood a big tower. A. which B. that C. / D. where (三)、 拆分词组和固定搭配

3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food. A. of which B. where C. to do D. that

4. Why can't you realize the part ________ they have played in our life? A. which . on which C. when D. where (四)、添加插入语或状语

5. The scientist has made another discovery, _______ I believe is of great importance. A. that B. / C. which D. why (五)、插入非谓语动词

6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________the radio for me?

A. who; repaired B. that; repaired C. whom; repairing D. that; repair

学以致用：

1. Was it in the shop ________ sold children's clothing that you lost your wallet?

A. / B. where C. that D. when

2. Thank you for the difficulty ________ you have had painting the house. A. when B. / C. why D. where

3. Is there anyone around the factory ________ knows how to operate the computer? A. who B. which C. where D. in which 4. The managers discussed the plan ________ they would like to see ________ the next year. A. that; carried out B. who; carried out C. which; carry out D. that; carrying out

5. She was much disappointed to see the beautiful cloth ________ she had made ________ with lots of spots. A. which; cover B. that; covered C. /; covering D. where; covering 6. Lincoln, ________ life was once hard, were elected President of American. A. for whom B. who C. to whom D. /

高考真题演练

2011年高考定语从句

1，【2011全国卷I) 31】The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 2，【2011全国卷II）7】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

A. this B. that C. what D. which 3，【2011北京卷）26】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset.

A. who B. which C. what D. that 4，【2011上海卷) 39】You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.