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carry a large number of genes that stop tumors(肿瘤) developing. To be precise, they found 20 copies of an anti-tumor gene called TP53in elephants. Most other species, including humans, only carry one copy.

According to the research, the extra copies of the gene improved the animal’s sensitivity to DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors.

“An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals,” the study author Dr. Vincent Lynch told If every

living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous(癌变的), large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and mice. But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.

This phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s and later named “Peto’s paradox(悖论)”. Biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller animals do not. In the elephant’s case, the making of TP53is nature’s way of keeping this species alive.

The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in mice, they had the same cancer resistance as elephants. This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancers spreading or even developing in the first place.

Mature has already figured out how to prevent cancer, said Joshua Schiffinan, a biologist at the School of Medicine, University of Utah, US. “It’s up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people” 32．Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer? _______ A．They carry many genes to prevent tumors developing. B．Their genes suffer no DNA damage.

C．Certain genes in their body kill existing tumors. D．They have a rather large body size.

33．According to the passage, what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals? _______ A．Cells killing themselves. C．The huge body mass.

B．Sensitivity to DNA damage. D．Deadly tumors.

34．What does the underlined part “This phenomenon” in Paragraph 5probably refer to? _______ A．Larger animals suffer the different risk of cancer as smaller ones. B．The huger animals are, the bigger risk of cancer they will have. C．The risk of cancer is not related to body size. D．Larger animals have protection from TP53． 35．What can be concluded from the passage? _______

A．Humans are expected to prevent cancer with the making use of TP53． B．The extra copies of elephants, genes are used to cure cancer patients. C．Depending on nature is surely enough to fight against cancer.

D．The TP53genes have proved useful in stopping cancer in human beings.

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第二节:共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.

How Kids Express Gratitude

A regular gratitude practice is a wonderful habit to your children. In fact studies have shown that people who feel gratitude on a daily basis are happier in general. Today, we’ll discuss ideas to help your children express their gratitude.

Make a gratitude tree. Start with a large piece of craft paper and draw a tree trunk. Then ask the kids to paint or color it in brown. Each day ask your kids to think of something they’re thankful for. 36 And they’ll have a gratitude tree foil of leaves one day.

Express your thankfulness for the ones your love. 37 Print the photos in a “5 × 7” size and ask the kids to write a short note on the back explaining why they are grateful to that person. Family members, especially those who don9t live nearby, will cherish the present.

38 Pick a regular time, maybe one Saturday a month, and do some voluntary jobs together as a family. 39 One child may want to spend a day helping to clean up their favorite park while another might want to read books to nursing home residents.

Go grocery shopping for a family in need. Many stores now offer pre-made bags to donate right at the checkout line. While this is convenient, the larger the role they play in the act of giving, the bigger the effect it will have on your kids. 40

Taking time as a family to practice gratitude doesn't have to be difficult or time-consuming and the benefits your children will get are long-lasting.

A．Write it on a green leaf and tape it to the tree trunk. B．It will make the experience much more powerful. C．Keep gratitude journals. D．Volunteer together.

E．Let each family member take turns to pick an activity that means something to them. F．If you can find a charity where you deliver the groceries yourself, that’s even better. G．Let kids take pictures of themselves with their loved ones. 第三部分英语知识运用

第一节:完型填空（共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分）

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.

Six years ago, I walked into a local animal shelter on a cold, rainy day. 41 my house was already full of cats and dogs, I still couldn’t 42 an occasional visit to the shelter. This time as I was walking down the row of pens(畜栏) foil of barking dogs, I 43 a small boy looking into one of them.

He had a malnourished(营养不良的) looking body and a 44 face with a big nose 45 out of the middle of it. He was looking at a small, golden dog. Its ribs(肋骨) were showing and its thin tail was folded

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between its legs. It wasn’t begging for 46 like the other puppies 47 was hiding in the comer instead. The boy looked up at me with 48 eyes and asked what was wrong with it. “It was probably abused and 49 ”, I said. “That is why it is so 50 .”

The boy 51 turned to an old lady and said, “Grandma, I want this one.” The old woman smiled and walked to the front desk to fill out the 52 forms. I followed her and asked 53 the boy. She told me that he’d had a 54 start in life too. She had just gotten custody(监护权) of him 55 the state had taken him from his parents. She hoped getting a dog would make his life 56 for him. I looked back at him, holding his scared puppy, and said a prayer for them both.

It was yesterday that I was driving down the road enjoying a gloriously sunny, spring day. Then in a green front yard I saw the boy. His 57 body was tall and strong. His nose no longer 58 big but fit well into his smiling face. He was throwing a ball to a healthy, happy dog with shining golden hair. His little act of love and 59 had indeed gone a long way. It had saved a dog’s life, 60 his own heart, and given this middle-aged man fresh hope for the whole world. 41．A．Although 42．A．resist 43．A．sensed 44．A．shabby

B．Whenever B．help B．ignored B．bare

C．If

D．As D．pay D．stared D．bony D．lying D．joy D．but D．bored D．raised D．surprised D．immediately D．adaptation D．about D．happy D．before D．safer D．childhood D．grew D．kindness D．healed

C．undertake C．noticed C．round

45．A．holding 46．A．attention 47．A．or

48．A．annoyed 49．A．wronged 50．A．puzzled 51．A．gradually 52．A．adoption 53．A．over 54．A．good 55．A．until

B．sticking B．so

C．reaching C．treatment C．an

C．excited C．abandoned C．scared C．health C．on C．rough C．unless C．harder C．teenage C．proved C．broken

C．suddenly

B．entertainment

B．sad B．broken B．curious B．nursery B．for B．after B．easier B．aging

B．particularly

B．common

56．A．stronger 57．A．mid-aged 58．A．appeared 60．A．struck

B．remained B．company B．touched

59．A．determination

C．generosity

第二节:语法填空（共10个小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分）

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式.

The disappearing of dinosaurs has always been a mystery. Some scientists believe that dinosaurs died out

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because of an 61 (expect) incident. But wildlife today disappears or is in danger just 62 humans do harm to it. For example, tigers are hunted for fur to make carpets so that they can only live in secure reserves; grassland 63 (destroy) without mercy so that dust storms come into being 64 (affect) distant cities.

Last year, scientists saw some monkeys rubbing themselves with a certain kind of insects to protect themselves from fierce mosquitoes biting. According to the result of the inspection, they found that the insect contains a powerful drug, so local farmers were employed 65 (catch) the insects.

The ending was 66 the insects disappeared from the whole zone. When told that it was 67 loss to humans, the farmers burst 68 laughter and responded, “Our real loss is our decreasing income.” We should appreciate the 69 (nature) balance and pay more attention 70 the importance of wildlife protection. Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace, can we smile happily. 第四部分写作

第一节:短文改错（共l0小题,每小题1分,满分10分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处.每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改. 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下写出该加的词. 删除:把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉.

修改:在错的同下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词. 注意:1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2．只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分.

This morning, I was jogging in the park when I caught sight a wallet on a bench. Clearly, someone had left it there by an accident. I picked it up and checked the contents. Inside them, I found some money or a card with a phone number. Believing that the owner would be worried, I immediately try the number. A man answered it in an anxious voice. Hearing that I had his wallet, he sighed with relief and told me he would return right away. Ten minute later, the man arrived. After confirm he was the owner, I handed the wallet back to him. With his thumb down, he expressed his thanks to me repeated. Seeing the smile on face, I felt happy that I was able to help. 第二节:书面表达（满分25分）

假设你是新华中学的学生会主席李华,你校打算邀请某大学知名学者王教授来学校参加毕业典礼并做演讲来鼓励学生努力奋斗,实现自己的梦想.请你给王教授写一封邀请信,内容如下: 1．说明写信目的;2．毕业典礼时间:5月27日;3．演讲地点:学校礼堂. 要求:1．包括所有要点,可适度发挥,以使行文连贯; 2．开头已经写好,但不计入总词数; 3．词数100左右.

毕业典礼演讲:commencement speech Dear Professor Wang,

My name is Li Hua, president of the Student Union, from Xinhua Middle School._____________________

Yours sincerely,

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Li Hua

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