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虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）

虚拟语气的意义：表示说的话不是事实，或不可能发生，只是一种愿望，假设或建议等。

（1） 虚拟语气在IF条件状语从句中的表现形式及用法。 情况 从句动词的形式 主句动词的形式 例句 与在实反 与来实反 现1. 动词过去主语+ If I knew that, I would tell 事式 Should/would/could/might you. 相2..BE用+动词原形 If she were here, she could WERE help us. 将1. 动词用过 事去式 If it should (were to)rain 相2. should+动 同上 tomorrow ,I would sleep for 原 a day. 3. were+不定式 与过had+过去分词 主语+ 去事Should/would/could/might He would have come if he 实相+have 过去分词 hadn’t been busy 反 其它注意事项： 1. 错综复杂的时间条件句：

主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，其动词形式要根据时间而定。例如：If he had taken the medicine, he would be all right now. If I were you, I would have gone with him. 2. If 的省略与倒装：

在正式文体中，有时可省去IF。而将从句中were,had,should提到主语前。例如：1.Were she here(=If she were here),she could give us help.2.Had he not left so early(=If he had not left so early), he might have missed the bus.3.Should it rain tomorrow(=If it should rain tomorrow), I would sleep for a day. 3. 含蓄条件有时虚拟条件不用从句,而用介词（without,bu for）例如：Without(=But for)air(=If there were no air), wre couldn’t live. 2.I am busy,now. Otherwise, I would help you. 3.It would be wrong not to help him if we were not to help him. 4. 含有责备语气的虚拟结构。

Should’t have done /might have done should/ought to have done could have done

（2） 虚拟语气在其它从句中的用法

1. 状语从句:as if ,in order that, for fear that, in case

2. 宾语从句:wish, demand,insist,suggest,command,order 3. 主语从句：It is necessary/natural/important/strange that It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested/that 4. 在表语从句或同位语从句中：

demand,insit,suggestion,order,advice,request,plan.proposal

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5. 其它句型中：1（1）在定语从句中 It is (high)time that 中，其后谓语动词用过去式，有

时也有用“should+ do”(2)在would rather that---从句中， “愿望”的句型中，其后谓语动词用过去时。（表示现在或将来要做的事）或过去完成时（指过去发生的动作，此用法与WISH基本相同。）2.If only 句型，该句型意为：但愿----，要是---就好了。（通常其后用过去式或过去完成时，表示一种强烈的愿望或遗憾。IF ONLY 引起的感叹句，其形式和意义与WISH基本相同。） 例句：

1. It is time that we went ot bed.2.Iwould rather you stayed at home now 3.I would rather you

had gone there yesterday.4.If only he knew the answer.5.If only I were younger!6.If only I had listened to your advice.

Exercises.(根据上句，填写下句，并保持与原句意思相一致)

1.I don’t know the answer to the question. I wish I ______ the answer to the question. 2.I didn’t see the film last night.

I wish ______ ______ the film last night. 3.She suggested our holding the meeting tonight. She suggested that ______ ______ the meeting tonight. 4.He insisted on my finishing the task ahead of time.

He insisted that ______ _______ _______ the task ahead of time. 5.The boss ordered her to take part in the work. The boss ordered she ______ part in the work. 6. It’s (high)time for us to go to school. It’s (high)time that ______ ______ to school. 7.If I were you, I should not do that. ______ I ______ ,I should not do that.

8.They insisted on leaving here tomorrow morning.

They insisted ______ _____ _______ here tomorrow morning.

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9.I got up late, so I missed the train.

______ I ____got up late, I ______ ______ ______ the train. 10.He didn’t write to his parents two weeks ago.

He _______ ________ ______ to his parents two weeks earlier. 11.I will rain tomorrow, so the crops will be saved.

If it _____ ______ _______,the crops _____ ______ be saved. 12.My suggestion for you is to make an apology. My suggestion is that you _____ _______ to him.

13.What do you think of my idea to make preparations for the sports meeting?

What do you think of my idea that we ______ _______preparations for sports meeting?

14.His order for us is to keep the secret. His order is that _______ _____ the secret. 15.It’s necessary for us to master a foreign language. It’s necessary that we ______ ______ a foreign lauguage.

Multiple choice questions.

1. The Arab insisted that he ________the camel.

A should go B went C had never seen D should have never seen 2. The Arab insisted that they _________ to look for the camel.

A should go B went C had never seen D should have never seen

3. The leader insisted that the plan _______out. A should carry B be carried C be D was

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