英语语法+实用英语语法笔记(2) 下载本文

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关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里

http://m.meten.com/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0

She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子。

这是在把他惯坏了。(结果)

注:①不用进行时的动词:⑴表示事实状态的动词,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。⑵表示心理状态的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。⑶瞬间动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。⑷系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。

②一般现在时说明事实,一般不带感情色彩;现在进行时与always, often, frequently等词连用时带有感情色彩。

例如:He always asks questions. 他总是提问题。(无感情色彩)

He is always asking questions. 他老爱提问题。(表示强烈的感情色彩) 8、现在完成进行时

(1)构成:第三人称单数由has been + 动词的现在分词;其他人称和数由have been + 动词的现在分词。 (2)用法:

1)表示动作从过去开始一直延续到现在,可能刚刚终止,也可能仍然在进行。例如:

I’ve been waiting for you since eight o’clock in the morning. 我从早上8点钟

一直在等你。

It has been raining for three hours. 雨一直下了三个小时了。

2)有些动词不能用于现在进行时,如be, have, like, love, know, see, hear等,这些词同样也不能用于现在完成进行时。例如:

I haven’t seen you for ages. 我好久没见到你了。 I have loved her for a long time. 我一直爱她。

3)现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成的动作,强调结果;而现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性,强调“一直”,往往表示动作仍未结束。例如:

I have been reading this novel. 我一直在读这本小说。(我仍然在读)

I have read two novels. 我已读过两本小说。(可能刚读过,也可能很久以前读的) 9、过去进行时

(1)构成:由助动词be 的过去式 + 现在分词构成。其中be有人称和数的变化,第一、第三人称单数用was,其他用were. (2)用法:

1)过去进行时动词主要表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作。过去进行时经常与过去时配合使用。例如:

This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson. 昨天这个时候,我们正在上英语课。

While we were having supper, all the lights went out. 我们吃饭的时候,灯灭了。 The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room. 老师在给我

们上课时,汤姆走进教室。

2)过去进行时动词常用always, continually, frequently 等词连用,表示过去经常发生的行为。这种用法表明带有的感情色彩。例如:

The two brothers were frequently quarreling when they were young. 两兄弟小时候常吵架。

In Qing Dynasty, China was always making concessions to western powers. 清朝时,中国总是对西方列强妥协。

3)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。

(3)常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。

As shewas reading the newspaper, Grannyfell asleep.(as = when, while,意为\当……之时)

10、过去完成进行时

(1)构成:had been + 动词的现在分词。

(2)用法:表示一直持续到过去某个时间的行为动作,此行为动作或刚结束、或还没结束(可以从上下文看出)。这一时态经常与一般过去时一起使用。例如:

When he came in, I had been trying to repair the TV for a couple of hours. 他进

来时,我一直在努力修理电视机好几个小时了

The roads were dangerous. It had been raining for two whole days. 道路很危险。雨一直下了两整天。 11、将来进行时

(1)构成:shall/will be + 现在分词

(2)用法:表示将来某时进行的状态或动作,或按预测将来会发生的事情。例如:

This time next week we shall be working in that factory. 下星期这时候,我们将在那个工厂劳动。

注:将来进行时不表示个人意愿,强调主观上感觉某事即将发生,并对这一事情有着期待,感情色彩较浓,强调动作。一般将来时主要是对某一事情即将发生做一个事实性的说明或陈述,强调事实或意愿。

She'll be coming soon. 她会很快来的。

I'll be meeting him sometime in the future. 将来我一定去见他。

(3)常用的时间状语有soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,tomorrow,

in two days, tomorrow evening等。例如:

By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach. 明天此时,我正躺在海滩上呢。 12、过去将来时

(1)构成:由should/would + 动词原形构成。第一人称用should; 第二、三人称用would。 (2)用法:过去将来时表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情,多用在宾语从句中。还可以表示过去的倾向或过去经常发生的事情。例如:

They asked me if I would go to Guangzhou soon. 他们问我是否很快要去广州。 He’d play the violin when he was in low spirits. 他情绪低落的时候,就拉小提琴。 (3)其他表示过去将来时的结构:

①were/was going to + 动词原形,表示过去的安排、打算或确信某事会发生,多用于口语。如:

I told her I was going to see her that afternoon. 我告诉她我那天下午要去看她。 ②were/was to + 动词原形,表示安排,命令或后来将要发生的事。如:

They were to receive salaries from the government. 他们将接受政府的工资。 ③were/was about to + 动词原形,表示正要、即将发生的事。如:

Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布朗夫人刚要开始,但是珍妮先说话了。 13、时态的呼应

时态的呼应也称时态的一致,是指在复合句中,某些从句(主要是宾语从句等名词性从句)的时态常受主句时态的影响,因而要注意主从句两部分的时态呼应。 (1)主句是现在时态或将来时时,从句可以用任何所需要的时态。

He says his father is/was/will be a teacher. 他说他父亲是(过去是,将来要做)一个教师。

(2)主句是过去时态时,从句的时态要注意下列几点:

①从句与主句动作同时发生,从句须用一般过去时或过去进行时。

I thought he studied hard. 我认为他学习努力。