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牛津英语沪教版中考英语语法专题复习

词类 一 名词

一、定义

名词，顾名思义，是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称的词。

二、名词的分类

名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词；可数名词可以用数字来进行计算；分为名词单数与名词复数；不可数名词就不能用数字进行计算。

三、可数名词的单复数

1.名词复数的规则变化 ★重点 一般名词复数构成法 构成法 一般情况下，在名词单数形式的词尾加s 以s,x,，ch，sh，结尾的名词，在词尾加es 1. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，改y为i再加es 2. 元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s（特殊） 1. 以f或fe结尾的名词，一般将f/ fe改为v，再加es 2. 少数直接加s（特殊） 例词 book-books, day-days, desk-desks class-classes, match-matches, wish- wishes city-cities,country-countries, factory-factories monkey---monkeys, holiday--holidays leaf-leaves, wife-wives, life- lives, thief-thieves belief---beliefs, roof---roofs, proof---proofs potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes, 1. 以辅音字母加o结尾的，有4个单词在词尾加es（特殊） hero--heroes, Negro--Negroes 2. 其余的直接加s photo---photos, piano---pianos, zoo---zoos； 练习： 1. turn green in spring.

a.leaf b. leave c, leaves d, leafs 2． are very useful to pupils. a. radio b. radios c. radioes d. a radio 3. Many ___ __ are playing on the playground. a. boyes b. boys c. a boy d. boies

2.名词复数的不规则变化 ★难点

1） child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth goose--geese mouse---mice man---men

注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的复合词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women 如： an Englishman，two Englishmen。

由man或woman加一个其他名词构成的复合名词时，两个都要变复数 例：woman doctor-women doctors(女医生)

2）单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，yuan，等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎，千米，英里，米等都有复数形式。如：ten dollars, five pounds, two dollars, two meters, three miles

练习：Three _______ are eating the grass at the foot of the mountain.

A. sheeps B. sheep C. sheepes D. ships

3）表示某国人：

单复数同形：Chinese-- Chinese Japanese--Japanese

变man为men：Englishman-- Englishmen Frenchman-- Frenchmen 在词尾加s：German--Germans American--Americans

4）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实际上为复数★难点

1. people police cattle family 等本身就是复数，不能用a/an修饰，其谓语动词应用复数。

注意：people的复数形式peoples通常指\多个民族\。family的复数形式families指“多个家庭”。

错：a people，a police 对：a person，a policeman 例：1. There are five________(people ) in his family.

2. It's nine o'clock now. My family _______(be) watching TV.

5） 有些以s结尾，以单复形式出现，但实为单数的名词，如：★难点 a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词，不能说 a news, 可借助量词，a piece of news

C. Manners: 礼貌，礼节，为不可数名词；其单数形式manner译为：方式，方法。

6） 表示由两部分构成的东西，常以复数形式的名词 trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤 glasses眼镜，

若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）; suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers, three pieces of bread.

7) 名词作定语时，不用复数形式，但man/woman做定语修饰另一个名词时，两个名词都用复数形式。★难点

例：apple tree--apple trees book shop--book shops woman doctor--women doctors

可数名词：课堂作业

一、用所给的名词的适当形式填空

1 Look! There are a lot of _________ (leaf) on the groud 2 There are many ________(people) in the room. 3 People wear shoes on their ___________(foot) 4 There are some __________(dumpling) on the plate 5 Those ________ (child) are playing football outside 6 There are some _______ (sheep) in the field

7. There is some________(food) in the basket. 8. The baby has only two________(tooth) now. 9. Let's take________(photo), OK? 10. I have lots of________(tomato) here. 11. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.

12. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now. 13. Their________(dictionary) look new

14．There are two________ over there．（watch）

15．l can see a _________and two _______ standing there．（man，woman） 16．There are two baskets of__________ on the floor．（apple） 17．How many _________can you see？（radio） 18．Look at those_________．（child）

19. There are many________(fox) in the picture. 20 The cat is chasing two________(mouse). 单选

1. –Two ______ died in the accident. –_______ terrible it is!

A. policemen; How B. policeman; What C. police; What D. policemans; How 2. – Near Our school there are two ______.

A. shoes shops B. shoes shop C. shoe shops. 3. The ______are looking for a little girl.

A. policeman B. police policemans 4. ---What is your favorite _____?

---Mid-autumn Day. I can eat a lot of moon-cakes.

A. season B. weather C. festival D. month 5. Could you take _____ for these _____? They are very beautiful. A. any photos; tomatoes B. some photos; tomatoes C. some photos; tomatos D. any photoes; tomatoes 6. My brother likes chemistry of all the _____.

A. vegetables B. subjects C. fruits D. drinks 7. Look! Those three _____ are talking with three _____.

A. Englishmen; Germen B. Englishmans; Germans