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大学英语课文翻译答案(新世纪综合教程1) BOOK 1

Unit 1

T A Language Teacher's Personal Opinion

Will Pidcroft This text is taken from Incentive Themes by W. S. Fowler, J. Pidcook & L. R. Rycroft. Nelson. Australia. 1980.

close1RT Every day I see advertisements in the newspapers and on the buses claiming that it is easy to learn English. According to these advertisements, with very little effort on the student's part, he will be able to speak the language fluently in three months or even ten days. There is often a reference to William Shakespeare or Charles Dickens to encourage him even more. When I see advertisements like this, I don't know whether to laugh or cry. If it were as easy to learn English as they say, I would have to look for another job, because very few qualified teachers would be needed. But a large number of people must believe these ridiculous claims, or else the advertisements would not appear.

一名语言教师的个人看法

威尔·皮德克罗夫特

我每天都会在报纸上、公共汽车上看到各种广告，声称轻轻松松就能学好英语。这些广告号称，学生不必费什么力气，要说一口流利的英语只需短短3个月，甚至10天就行。广告还常常提到威廉·莎士比亚和查尔斯·狄更斯等英语文学大师的名号来增强吸引力。每当看到诸如此类的广告时，我真是哭笑不得：如果学英语真像这些广告所说的那么轻松，我恐怕得另谋出路了，因为不需要那么多合格的英语教师了。但是肯定有许多人相信这些可笑的噱头，不然的话这些广告也不可能出现。

It is natural for students to be attracted to methods that will teach them as quickly and efficiently and cheaply as possible. But it is difficult for anyone to explain in simple language why one method is better than another, and it is no use pretending that anyone has discovered a perfect way of teaching English in every possible situation. Some experts even argue that there are as many good methods of teaching a language as there are good teachers, because every teacher is an individual with his own personality. No doubt this is true to a certain extent, but it is not very helpful to students.

学生们喜欢实惠的速成学习方法也在情理之中，但要用浅显易懂的语言去解释为什么某一方法比另一方法更有效并不是一件简单的事，而且也无需装模作样地声称有什么人已经找到了一个万能的适合所有学习环境的教学方法。一些专家甚至认为，有多少个好老师就有多少种好的教学方法，因为每一个老师都有其自身的特点。这种说法无疑是有几分道理的，但对学生来说不是很有帮助。

For a long time people believed that the only way to learn a language was to spend a great deal of time in a country where it was spoken. Of course it is clear that students who go to England,

America, or Australia to learn English have a great advantage over others, but a large number of students cannot afford to do so. Some students go to the opposite extreme and think they can teach themselves at home with dictionaries. But it is wrong to assume that each word in English has a precise equivalent in another language and vice versa, and it is impossible for any translation method to provide students with the natural forms of a language in speech, let alone produce good pronunciation and intonation.

有很长一段时间，人们认为要学好一门语言，只有去使用那种语言的国家待上一段时间。当然去英国、美国、或者澳大利亚等国家学英语的学生肯定比那些不能去的学生具有很大优势，但是很多学生支付不起那笔费用。有些学生走向另一极端：他们认为可以借助词典在家自学。如果你认为英语中的每一个词在另一语言中都有完全对等的词（或反之亦然），那就错了。通过翻译法来给学生讲解口语的自然形式是不可能的，更不要说做到语音、语调地道了。close4RT A great deal of teaching is still based on behaviorist psychology. Behaviorists are fond of making students repeat phrases and making them do exercises where they continually have to change one word in a sentence. If we were parrots or chimpanzees, these methods might be successful. A large number of theorists seem to think it is a pity we aren't, because it would make it easier to use their methods.

现在大量的教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学的基础之上。行为主义者热衷于让学生复述短语，不断做一些只需更换句中某个词的练习。假如我们是鹦鹉或黑猩猩，那这些方法或许能奏效，可惜我们不是，这似乎让很多理论家引以为憾，否则他们提出的那些方法用起来就会容易得多了。close5RT In my personal opinion, no one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he is interested in it. Human beings, unlike parrots and chimpanzees, do not like making noises unless they understand what the noises mean and can relate them to their own lives. It is worth remembering that language is a means of communication. What people want to say and write in another language is probably very similar to what they want to say and write in their own. What they listen to and read cannot be a formula. It must be real.

我个人认为，假如没有兴趣，任何人都不可能学好英语或其他任何语言。与鹦鹉或黑猩猩不同，人类不会无缘无故地发出噪音，除非他们明白这些声音是什么意思，并且能将其与自己的生活联系起来。值得牢记的是：语言是一种交际手段，人们在母语中怎么说怎么写，用另一种语言表达时也大同小异。因此，人们所听所读的不应该是程式化的东西，听的读的材料必须真实自然。close6RT There is another relevant point worth mentioning here. We need other people to talk to and listen to when we communicate. If what we are learning is strange to us, it will be helpful if there are other students around us who can work with us and practise the unfamiliar forms with us in real situations, talking to each other about real life in real language.

还有一个相关的问题值得一提：在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。在学习较生疏的内容时，如果有其他学生和我们在实战中一起学习和练习那些陌生的语言形式，用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活，那一定会受益匪浅。 2

Learning to Read

John Holt This text is adapted from The Norton Reader (11th Edition) by W. W. Norton, L. H. Peterson & J. C. Brereton. New York & London. 2004.

close1RT In one of my classes were many children who had had great trouble with schoolwork, particularly reading. I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously (冒险地).

学会去读书

约翰·霍尔特

在我曾经任教的一个班上有许多孩子学习起来非常吃力，尤其是阅读。因此我决定不惜任何代价消除他们对书籍的恐惧和厌恶心理，让他们能够多读些书，更勇于尝试。close2RT One day soon after school had started, I said to them, \that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that's enough for me. Also I'm not going to ask you what words mean.\

开学没多久，我对孩子们说：\我要跟你们说说读书的事，也许还没有哪个老师这样对你们讲过。今年我想要你们读许多书，你们只需要为寻求乐趣而读书，我不会去检查你们读懂了没有。如果你读了一点儿，觉得会喜欢这本书，并愿意把它读完，这就够了。我不会去考你们词语的意思。\book, you have to finish it. Give an author thirty or forty pages or so to get his story going. Then if you don't like the characters and don't care what happens to them, close the book, put it away, and get another. I don't care whether the books are easy or hard, short or long, as long as you enjoy them. Furthermore, I'm putting all this in a letter to your parents, so they won't feel they have to quiz or check your reading at home.\

\最后，\我继续说道，\你们不要觉得读一本书就得把它读完。先读三四十页，看看故事情节如何发展。如果你不喜欢书中人物，或者对他们的经历不感兴趣，只管合上书，放到一边，去读另一本。你们读的书是难还是容易、篇幅长还是篇幅短，我都不在意，只要你们喜欢就行。另外，我会写信把我的意思告诉你们的家长，好让他们知道没有必要在家里查问或检查你们的读书情况。\The children sat stunned (使震惊) and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, and who proved to be one of the most interesting, lively, and intelligent children I have ever known, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and solemnly, \it.\

孩子们都愣住了，坐着不出声。这真的是老师在说话吗？其中一个女孩，因为功课不好最近才转学到我们学校来，后来我发现她非常有趣、活泼、聪明，在我所有的学生中都算突出的。

我讲完后，她盯住我看了很久。然后，她继续看着我，缓慢而严肃地问：\霍尔特先生，你说的话是真的吗？\我也同样严肃地回答：\真的，一点不假。\to believe me. The first book she read was Dr. Seuss's How the Grinch Stole Christmas, not a hard book even for most third graders. For a while she read a number of books on this level. Perhaps she was clearing up some confusion about reading that her teachers, in their hurry to get her up to \weeks or so and we had become good friends, I very tentatively (试探性地) suggested that, since she was a skillful rider and loved horses, she might like to read National Velvet. I made my sell as soft as possible, saying only that it was about a girl who loved and rode horses, and that if she didn't like it, she could put it back. She tried it, and though she must have found it quite a bit harder than what she had been reading, finished it and liked it very much.

显然，她打算照我说的办。她读的第一本书是索伊斯博士写的《格林奇偷走圣诞节》，这本书对大多数三年级的学生都不算难，更不要说这个年级的孩子了。有一阵子，她读的书都在这个难易度上。也许她是在消除对阅读的一些困惑，而以前她没时间去做，因为老师总是催促她看这个年级\该看的书\。她在这个班上学习了六七个星期后，我们成了好朋友。我试探地向她建议：既然她喜欢马，而且骑马的水平还不错，她可以读一读《侠女神驹》。我尽可能委婉地提出这个建议。我只告诉她那是一本关于一个热爱马并常常骑马的女孩的故事；如果她不喜欢读，她可以放回书架。她去读了，也许她觉得这本书比她先前读的书要难点，但是她读完了，而且挺喜欢。close6RT During the spring semester, she really astonished me, however. One day, in one of our many free periods, she was reading at her desk. From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, \take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick, in the edition with woodcuts (木刻) by Rockwell Kent. When I came close to her desk, she looked up. I said, \that?\find parts of it rather heavy going?\略过，跳过) over those parts and go on to the next good part.\

春季的那一学期，她的表现可真的让我吃惊了。一天，在我们的自习课上我看到她坐在课桌前看书。我瞥了一眼书中的插图我就知道这是一本什么书了。但是我不相信我的眼睛：\不可能吧。\我走过去仔细一看，果然她在读《白鲸》，那版本配有罗克威尔·肯特的木刻画。我走近她的时候，她抬起头来。我问她：\你真的在看这本书吗？\她说，是的。我又问：\你喜欢这本书吗？\嗯，是的。这本书很好。\她答道。\你不觉得有些地方很难吗？\我又问道。\有啊，不过，看不懂就跳过去，挑有意思的地方看。\她这样回答。close7RT This is exactly what reading should be, but in school, reading is not always an exciting, joyous (充满欢乐的) adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. Why should we insist that every child should read the same book and get the same scrap(碎屑)of \

真正的阅读就该如此。但是上学时，阅读不见得总是有趣或让人喜欢。拿上一本书，钻进去，读有趣的部分，跳过不好的部分，尽可能从书中得到点收获，然后再去读其他书。为什么非要让每个孩子读一样的书，作出同样的\理解\呢?

unit 3

T The Doctor's Son

Harold Eppley with Rochelle Melander This article is excerpted and adapted from \Soup\The Chicken Soup Series, compiled by Jack Canfield and Victor Hansen, has become a household name for its touching stories and its impact on the lives of a lot of people. The series has been translated into 37 different languages. Chicken Soup of the Soul is a collection among the Chicken Soup Series. The main themes are on coping with relationships and emotions. The series include Chicken Soup for Teenager's Soul, Chicken Soup for Girls' Soul, Chicken Soup for Mother and Daughter's Soul, Chicken Soup for Father and Daughter's Soul, Chicken Soup for Grandma's Soul, etc.

close1RT My parents moved to Vermont when I was still an infant. A soft-spoken man, my father settled quietly into his medical practice in a small town called Enosburg. Soon the local people accepted him as one of their own. Word passes quickly in small Vermont towns. They know good people when they meet them. Around town the neighbors greeted my father as \And I soon learned that as long as I lived in Enosburg I would always be known as \

医生的儿子

哈罗德·埃普利、罗谢尔·梅兰德合写

我还是个婴儿的时候，我的父母亲搬到了佛蒙特州。我那温文尔雅的父亲在一个名叫伊诺斯堡的小镇上毫不张扬地开业行医了。很快，当地人就把他当成了自己人。在佛蒙特州的小镇上，消息传播得很快。人们分得清谁是好人。邻居们都称我的父亲为埃普利医生。我很快意识到，只要我住在伊诺斯堡镇，我就永远只是\埃普利医生的儿子\。close2RT On the first day of school, my classmates crowded around me because I was the doctor's son. \be a smart boy,\

入学的第一天，同学们就簇拥着我，因为我是医生的儿子。\要是你多少有点像你父亲的话，你就会是个聪明的孩子。\我的一年级老师这么说。我忍不住眉开眼笑。close3RT Somewhere in the midst of my teenage years, however, something changed. I was sixteen years old and the neighbors still called me \son.\living an honest life just like my father. I groaned whenever I heard their compliments.

可是在我十几岁的时候，事情起了变化。 我都十六岁了，邻居们还是称呼我\埃普利医生的儿子\。他们说我长大了一定会是一个可敬又勤劳的年轻人，会像我父亲那样过着体面的生活。每当我听到这些赞美，我都很不以为然地哼哼几声。close4RT I wondered how I would ever fit in with my teenage friends. I hated being