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闵行区2014学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试

英语试卷

第I卷 （共103分）

I. listening comprehension（略） II. Grammar and vocabulary：

My husband, my four-month-old daughter and I set out on a five-day journey from California to Washington. We had to stop frequently __25_____(relax) ourselves. One of our stops, once we crossed the Oregon border, was at a Black Bear Diner. Walking towards the front door we noticed a gentleman ___26____ (stand) at one side. He was clearly untidy, without shoes and wearing worn clothing. We passed right by him and opened the restaurant door. Then something told me to go back. Thinking the gentleman ____27__need something to eat, I turned around and said to the gentleman, “Sir, are you hungry?” He said, “Yes.” I then asked, “May we buy you something to eat?” He responded with, “Sure, I can order something myself.” My husband opened the door and the gentleman went straight to the counter. I told him to order __28__ he wanted. The manager of the restaurant came over quite quickly and looked frightened. I spoke before he had an opportunity to say anything. “This gentleman will have lunch with us today,” I said. “Please add his order __29__ our bill.” The manager said with a frown(皱眉), “Ok.” We turned to our table and the gentleman said, loudly and quickly, “Thank you!” Soon we seated ourselves at the table and upon finishing our meal we __30__ our bill. I asked my husband what the gentleman __31___(order). One fresh orange juice, one coffee, one breakfast combination with a slide of hash browns. When we left the restaurant I looked for the gentleman but didn’t see him, but that very small act just made my day. I hope in some small way we were able to bring some joy into his life, _32__ _____ it only lasted for a few minutes. B. Every time you go to the supermarket, you come away with your purchases in plastic bags. But wouldn’t it be kinder to the environment __33___ you asked for paper bags instead? __34__ answer is not as easy as it might seem. Environmentalists say there are disadvantages in using both plastic and paper bags. Some experts believe that all these bags harm the environment. Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down and , as it does so, poisonous materials are released into the water and soil. __35__(far) damage is caused if plastic bags enter the sea. For example, endangered sea turtles cannot tell the bags from jellyfish(水母)， their main source of food， and often choke（噎死）on them. Floating plastic bags have been spotted as far north as the Arctic Ocean and as far south as the southern end of South America, __36__ has caused great concern among scientists. However, this kind of bag does have its advantages. “Plastic grocery bags are some of the most ___37__(reuse) things around the house,” explained Laurie Kusek of the American Plastic Council. Although paper bags are believed to be more environment-friendly, the fact is unknown t some people __38__ paper bags use more energy when manufactured and create more wastes than plastic bags. So you may ask __39__, what to do. One possible solution would be t use biodegradable(可降解的) plastic bags. But it might be wiser to pack things you buy in reusable cloth bags __40___ biodegradable

products become more reliable.

A. belief B. discourage C. choices D. issue E. try F. characterize G. demonstrate H. ensure I. incomparable J. opposing K. responsible The unique features of colleges and universities in the US. are hardly shared by their competitors in Europe or Asia. Many foreign students are attracted not only to the academic programs at a particular US college but also to the larger community, which affords the chance for them to absorb the surrounding culture. Clubs, sports teams, student publications and drama societies __-41__ colorful and enjoyable American campus life. However, few foreign universities put much emphasis on this. “In people’s minds, the campus and the American university are both admirable,” says Brown University President Vartan

Gregorian. In America, people have a strong __42__ that a student’s daily life is as important as his learning experience.” Foreign students also come in search of __43__. America’s menu of opinions---research universities, state institutions, private liberal-arts schools, community colleges, religious institutions--- is __44___. No any single Europeans country can offer such variety. “In Europe,” says history professor Jonathan Steinberg, who has taught at both Harvard and Cambridge, there is only one system, and that is it.” From the beginning, students overseas usually are required to ___45__ professional skills in a specific field, whether law or philosophy or Chemistry. Most American universities insist that students have a(n) __46___ on natural and social sciences, languages and literature before choosing a field of concentration. Such __47___ philosophies grow out of different traditions and power structures. In Europe and Japan，universities are __48___ only to a ministry of education, which sets academic standards and provides money. Centralization(集权化) is likely to __49__ that all students are equipped with roughly the same resources and perform at roughly the same level. On the other hand, it may also __50__ the testing of

different ideas. “When they make mistakes, they make big ones,” says Robert Rosenzweig, president of the Association of American universities. “They set a system in wrong directions, and it’s like piloting a super ship.”

III. Reading comprehension: Apes and humans beings share a lot in common when it comes to behavior. The evidence taken from the observation of the behavior of apes and children suggests that there are three causes for the outbreak of fighting and the exhibition of __51__ by individuals. One of the most common causes of fighting among both children and apes was over the ___52___ of external objects. The argument over the ownership of any desired object---food, clothes, toys, females, and the affection of others--- was sufficient reason to __53___ force. In a case of monkeys’ disagreement over females. thirty females were killed. Two points are of particular interest to notice about these fights for possession. In the first place, the fights are often carried to such an extreme that they end in the __54__ destruction of the objects of common desire. Toys are torn to pieces and females are killed.

In the second place it is observable, that __55__ occurs when an object is desired by only one person or by someone else. There were many cases where toys and other objects which had been thrown away as useless were __56___ defended by their owners when they became the object of some other child’s desire. Another cause of aggression is the tendency for children and apes are greatly to __57__ the invading of a stranger into their group. A new child in the class may be laughed at, isolated, and disliked. A new monkey may be bitten to death. It is interesting to note that anger occurs when a stranger comes from the __58__ species. Monkeys do not mind being __59__ by a goat or a rat. Children do not object when animals are introduced to the group. As a matter of fact, such newcomers are often __60__ . But when monkeys meet a new monkey or children a strange child, aggression often occurs. This strongly suggests that the reason for the aggression is fundamentally possessiveness. The ___61__ of the newcomers is feared. The present members of the group feel that there will be more competitors for the food or the attention of the adults. Finally, another common source of fighting among children is a frustration or failure in their own ___62__ .A child will be stopped either by __63__ causes such as bad weather or illness from doing something he wishes to do, for example, sail his boat or ride the bicycle. Sometimes the activity may be __64__ because of the opposition of some adult. The child may also frustrate itself by __65___, through lack of skill or strength, to complete successfully some desired activity. Such a child will then in the ordinary sense become “naughty”. He will be in a bad or unfriendly temper. 51. A. fulfillment B. excitement C. isolation D. aggressiveness 52. A. usage B. possession C. value D. collection 53. A. turn to B. drive away C. come over D. make into 54. A. moderate B. subtle C. complete D. temporary 55. A. conflict B. negotiation C. agreement D. donation 56. A. reluctantly B. violently C. unwillingly D. peacefully 57.A. ignore B. accept C. prove D. hate 58. A. similar B. modest C. strong D. reliable 59. A. observed B. protected C. joined D. spoiled 60. A. offensive B. considerate C. generous D. welcomed 61. A. strength B. attitude C. competition D. emotion 62. A. knowledge B. activity C. study D. personality 63. A. natural B. physical C. financial D. academic 64. A. enhanced B. operated C. extended D. prevented 65. A. learning B. falling C. imitating D. refusing

Section B A. Around the world coral reefs(珊瑚礁) are facing threats brought by climate change and great changes in sea temperatures. While ocean warming has been the primary focus for scientists and ocean policy

managers, cold events can also whiten corals. A new study by scientists compared damage to corals caused by heat as well as cold stress. The results show that cool temperatures can cause more damage in the short term, but heat is more destructive in the long run.