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Module 3 Life now and then

词句精讲精练 词汇精讲 1. exercise

（1）exercise作动词，意为“运动，锻炼”等时，既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。例如：

Every day I exercise before I go to sleep.（不及物动词） 我每天睡觉前锻炼。

We should often exercise our muscles. (及物动词) 我们应当经常锻炼肌肉。

（2）exercise作名词，意为“练习，操”等时，是可数名词。意为“锻炼”时，是不可数名词。例如：

We should do eye exercises. 我们应该做眼保健操。 Let’s take exercise together. 让我们一起锻炼吧。 2. used to

used to do sth.是一个固定结构，意思是“过去经常做某事”，后面用动词原形，表示过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作，并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在。 例如：

肯定句：I used to play with my friends after school.

过去放学后我常常和朋友们一起玩。

否定句：You didn’t use to like pop songs. = You usedn’t to like pop songs.

你过去不喜欢流行歌曲。

一般疑问句：Did your sister use to be quiet? = Used your sister to be quiet?

你的妹妹过去是很安静吗？

there be句式：There used to be a lot of fishes in this river.

过去这条小河常常有许多鱼。

【拓展】

（1）be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，是动词短语use …to do的被动语态结构。例如： Knives are used to cut things. 小刀是用来切东西的。

（2）be used to doing something意思是“习惯于做某事”，to后接动词-ing形式。例如： My father is used to living in the village. 我爸爸习惯于住在小山村。 3. married

married 意为“已婚的，结婚的”，在句子中常作表语。常用于词组be /get married to sb. 意为“与某人结婚”。例如：

They have been married for ten years. 他们已经结婚十年了。

Alice was married to a doctor last month. 上个月爱丽丝和一位医生结婚了。 【拓展】

married的动词形式是marry, 其常见用法如下：

（1）marry sb. = get married to sb. 意为“与……结婚”。例如：

John married Mary last week. 上星期约翰和玛丽结婚了。 （2）marry sb. to sb. 意为“把某人嫁给某人”。例如：

She married her daughter to a businessman. 她把女儿嫁给了一位商人。 （3）marry 一般不与介词with 连用。例如：

她和一位英国人结了婚。

【误】She married with an Englishman. 【正】She married an Englishman.

【正】She was / got married to an Englishman. 4. the number of/ a number of

（1）a number of 意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可

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以用large，great，small等修饰，构成a large number of; a small number of等。例如：

I have a number of letters to write. 我有许多信件要写。

A large number of students in our school are from the countryside.

我们学校许多学生来自农村。

A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday.

昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。

（2）the number of意为“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English. 说汉

语的人数要大于说英语的人数。

5. busy

busy是形容词，意为“忙的，繁忙的”，在句中既可以作定语，又可作表语。它的反义词是free。常用于句式：be busy with sth，意为“忙于某事”； be busy doing sth，意为“忙于做某事”。例如： My mother is busy with her work. 我的妈妈忙于她的工作。

We are busy cleaning the room. 我们正忙于清扫屋子。 6. lonely

lonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感情色彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。例如：

When his wife died, he was very lonely. 太太死后他非常孤独。

The old man lived in the lonely mountain village. 那个老人住在荒凉的山村。 【拓展】lonely与alone的辨析：

lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如： Don’t leave me alone. I will feel lonely. 别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。 7. afford

afford常用作及物动词，意为“买（经受）得起……；给予，提供”，其后常接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，afford后还可接双宾语。例如：

This kind of computer is too expensive and I can’t afford it． 这种电脑太贵了，我买不起。 At last I can afford a watch． 我终于买得起一只手表了。

I could not afford so much money for a bicycle． 我出不起那么多钱买一辆自行车。 I’ll afford you a chance． 我将给你提供一个机会。 8. close to

close to意为“靠近，接近”，相当于next to。例如：

Jim’s house is close to his school. 吉姆的家离学校很近。 I live close to the supermarket. 我住得离超市很近。 【拓展】

（1）close可作动词，意为“关上，闭上”。其形容词形式为closed，意为“关着的”。例如： Please close the door. 请关上门。

Some stations are closed on public holidays. 在公共假日里某些车站是关闭的。 （2）close还可作形容词，意为“亲密的；势均力敌的”。例如：

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close friends 密友 a close game势均力敌的比赛 9. imagine

imagine是动词，意为“想象，推测”，后面可接名词、代词、宾语从句、复合宾语，常用于结构：imagine doing sth. 想象做某事。例如：

We can’t imagine what China will be like in the future. 我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子。

I can’t imagine leaving all my friends. 我无法想象离开我所有的朋友。

No one can imagine what would happen next. 没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么。

词汇精练

I. 英汉互译。

1. do exercise _________ 2. be busy doing… _________ 3. used to do sth._________ 4. 离……近________ 5. get married to sb. _________ 6. 想象做某事________ II. 根据首字母或汉语提示完成句子。

1. Life is b _______ today than in the past． 2. My homework is n _______ finished．

3. What do you like doing in your s_______ time?

4. The couple are said to be w______. They have several houses in Beijing． 5. Do you think people u______ to take more exercise than today? 6. Are you single or __________（已婚的）?

7. He was not rich, so he couldn’t __________（买的起）the new house. 8. My grandma _______（喜爱）listening to Beijing Opera.

9. It is _______（一般地）thought that English is spoken in most countries. 10. She is a _______（全职的）housewife. III. 用括号内词的适当形式填空。

1. Mr Smith used to _______ (smoke), but he has stopped _______ (smoke) now because he think it’s bad for his health.

2. Which do you think is _______ ( interesting ), going to a picnic or going fishing? 3. He is always busy _______ (prepare) for the exams.

4. It’s easy for local people _______ (choose) various goods in Sunnyside Shopping Mall.

5. The Spring Festival is the _______ (big) festival in China. It is a good time for family members to get together.

IV. 从方框中选择恰当的短语并用其正确形式填空。

what’s more get married look after feel lonely more than 1. My sister __________ two years ago. She has a boy called Tom now. 2. Jim’s mother was ill, so he had to ___________ her at home.

3. The girl likes reading; she has __________ one thousand books at home. 4. The old man lives in the house alone, but he doesn’t __________. 5. You shouldn’t do that. __________, you are a middle school student. 参考答案

Ⅰ. 英汉互译。

1. 做运动 2. 忙于做…… 3. 过去常常做某事

4. be close to 5. 和……结婚 6. imagine doing sth. Ⅱ. 根据首字母或汉语提示完成句子。