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本科生毕业论文(设计)

题 目 室内智能照明控制系统的研究与设计 学生姓名 李 天 顺 学 号 201016030121 专业班级 建筑电气与智能化10101班 指导老师 曾 进 辉

2013年11月

基于单片机的智能照明控制系统设计

摘 要

随着电子技术的飞速发展，基于单片机的控制系统已广泛应用于工业、农业、电力、电子、智能楼宇等行业，微型计算机作为嵌入式控制系统的主体与核心，代替了传统的控制系统的常规电子线路。楼宇智能化的发展与成熟，也为基于单片机的照明控制系统的普及与应用奠定了坚实的基础。

本文介绍了基于单片机AT89C51的室内灯光控制系统及其原理，提出了有效的节能控制方法。该系统采用了当今比较成熟的传感技术和计算机控制技术，利用多参数来实现对学校教室室内照明的控制。

系统设计包括硬件设计和软件设计两部分。该照明控制系统的主控制器、分控制器分别是以AT89C51和AT89C2051单片机为基础，实现了通信、信号采集、控制与显示等功能。使用光电子镇流器，使光源具备自动调节功能。文中详细地描述了控制电路的设计过程，包括：光信号取样电路、人体信号采集电路、键盘与LED显示电路、RS485通信电路、照明灯控制电路、看门狗电路以及信号处理电路等。对于软件设计主要有主控制器、分控制器的有线通信程序设计以及灯光控制、定时控制、键盘扫描与LED显示等程序设计。

工作时,光信号取样电路采集光照强弱、人体信号采集电路采集室内是否有人、是否为工作时间等信息并将信号送到单片机,单片机根据这些信息通过控制电路对照明设备进行开关操作,从而实现照明控制,以达到节能的目的。

关键词：智能控制，主控制器，分控制器，单片机，定时控制

The Control System for Intelligent Lighting Based on

Single–chip Microcomputer

Author: Li Guozhong Tutor: Sun Man

Abstract

With the rapid development of electronic technology, the system of control based on Single-chip Microcomputer is widely applied in industry, agriculture, electric power, electron, intelligent building and so on. Microcomputer, as the subject and core of the embedded system of control, replaces the traditional system—electronic circuit. At the same time, the development and maturation of the intelligent building have established the substantial foundation for the popularization and application of the control system for lighting based on single-chip microcomputer。

In this paper,the Indoor Lighting Control System Based on AT89C51 and its principle are introduced. Some effective and energy saving control strategys of lighting system are brought forward. The current system uses a relatively mature sensor technology and computer control technology ，using multi-parameter to achieve the school classroom indoor lighting control.

The system includes hardware and software design in two parts. The host controller of the control system for lighting is based on AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer, and the auxiliary ones are based on AT89c2051. The system can do many jobs, such as wired communication, Signal Acquisition,wireless data transmitting,

controlling and display.Use of electonic ballasts;the light source with automatic adjustment function .The paper describes the designing process of the circuit at length, including: Optical signal sampling circuit, the body signal acquisition circuit, keyboard and LED display circuit, RS485 communication circuit, wireless transmitting circuit, control circuit of lighting, watchdog circuit, etc. The designing of software mainly includes the several programming, such as wired communication, lamplight controlling, timed controlling, keyboard scanning ,LED displaying and signal processing circuit. The wired communication programming function is that through Master-slave communication method based on RS485 the host controller sends orders to the all auxiliary controllers or each one, including: turning on lighting, turning off lighting, regulating brightness of lighting, controlling timed lighting, etc.

Work,the optical signal sampling circuit collecting lighting intensity,indoor collecting of human signal acquisition circuit if anyone,whether for work time and other information and signal to the microcontroller,MCUcontrol circuiti based on these information through the switching operation of lighting equipment in order to achieve lightingcontrols to sava energy.

Key Words: Intelligent control，Host controller, Auxiliary controller, Single-chip

microcomputer, Timed controlling

目 录

1 绪论 .................................................................. 1

1.1 课题研究背景 ..................................................... 1 1.2 智能照明控制系统的发展与现状 ..................................... 1

1.2.1 智能控制技术的研究现状 ..................................... 1 1.2.2 国内外智能照明发展概况 ..................................... 1 1.2.3 智能照明控制系统的优点 ..................................... 2 1.2.4 智能照明控制系统的组成 ..................................... 2 1.2.5 现有智能照明控制系统的分析 ................................. 2 1.3 系统设计 ......................................................... 3

1.3.1 系统设计要点 ............................................... 3 1.3.2 系统设计思路 ............................................... 3

2 硬件电路设计与实现 .................................................... 7

2.1 系统硬件总述 ..................................................... 7 2.2 CPU性能介绍 ...................................................... 7 2.3 主控制器电路设计 ................................................. 7

2.3.1 键盘的接口设计 ............................................. 8 2.3.2 LED数码显示的接口设计 ...................................... 9 2.3.3 看门狗监控电路的设计 ....................................... 9 2.4 分控制器的电路设计 ............................................... 9 2.5 RS485通信电路的设计 ............................................. 10 2.6 光信号取样电路 .................................................. 12

2.6.1 Microwire串行总线性能介绍 ................................. 13 2.6.2 TLC1549的接口设计 ......................................... 14 2.6.3 TCL1549的数据采集程序设计 ................................. 15 2.7 人体信号采集电路 ................................................ 16

2.7.1 人体红外探头 .............................................. 16 2.7.2 信号处理电路 .............................................. 19 2.7.3 比较电路 .................................................. 20 2.8 DS12887时钟芯片接口电路设计 ..................................... 21

2.8.1 DS12887的原理及管脚说明 ................................... 21 2.8.2 地址分配表及时间、日历和闹钟的数据格式 .................... 22 2.8.3 DS12887状态控制寄存器 ..................................... 23 2.8.4 DS12887初始化程序 ......................................... 25 2.9 输出驱动电路设计 ................................................ 27 2.10 延时时间选择电路 ............................................... 28 2.11 零点检测与可控硅控制电路的设计 ................................. 28 2.12 数字可调光电子镇流器 ........................................... 29 3 系统软件设计及实现 ................................................... 31

3.1 人机交互程序设计 ................................................ 32

3.1.1 键盘扫描程序设计 .......................................... 32 3.1.2 LED数码显示程序设计 ....................................... 33 3.2 照明启停控制程序设计 ............................................ 34