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实用

Translate the following terms from English into Chinese.把下列术语翻译成中文

1. duality of structure 2. General Linguistics 3. voiceless consonant

_________结构的二元性_______________ ________普通语言学________________ _________清辅音_______________ ________互补分布________________

4. complementary distribution 5. free morpheme

________自由词素________________

________直接成份________________ ________成份分析________________

6. immediate constituent 7. Componential Analysis 8. American Structuralism 9. zero morph

________美国结构主义________________ _________零语子_______________

_________结构歧义_______________ _________多产性 ______________ __________语言能力______________ _________发音方法_______________ _________语调语言_______________

10. structural ambiguity 11. productivity

12. linguistic competence 13. manner of articulation 14. intonation language 15. allophone

__________音位变体______________

_________曲折语素_______________

16. inflectional morpheme 17. phrase marker 18. denotation

__________短语标记______________ __________指示______________

19. Systemic-Functional Grammar __________系统功能语法______________ 20. bound morpheme

__________粘着语素______________

__________文化传播______________

__________描写语言学______________

21. cultural transmission 22. Descriptive Linguistics 23. derivational morpheme 24. consonant

___________派生词素_____________

___________辅音_____________ ___________声调语言_____________ ___________虚语子_____________ ___________语法_____________

___________互补反义词_____________

25. tone language 26. empty morph 27. syntax

28. complementary antonym

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29. mode of discourse 30. free variation 31. displacement

____________话语方式____________ _______自有变异_________________

__________取代______________ __________集合体关系______________ __________浊辅音______________ __________极小对______________

32. paradigmatic relation 33. voiced consonant 34. minimal pair 35. phoneme

__________音位______________

__________词法的歧义性______________ __________内涵______________

__________语言习得机制______________

36. lexical ambiguity 37. connotation

38. language acquisition device 39. constituency 40. alien

__________选区______________ __________相异______________ __________设计特点______________ __________理论语言学______________

41. design feature

42. Theoretical Linguistics 43. diphthong

__________双元音______________

__________对立分布______________

44. contrastive distribution 45. translation-loan

__________借译词______________ __________主要成分______________

__________关系对立词______________

46. ultimate constituent 47. relational opposite 48. genre

__________类型______________ __________从属______________

__________居民______________ __________任意______________ ___________语言行为_____________

49. dependency 50. denizen

51. arbitrariness

52. linguistic performance 53. vowel

___________元音_____________

___________自由变异_____________ _________派生词素_______________ __________表层结构______________ ___________话语方式_____________ __________分级反义词______________ __________天赋假说______________

54. free variation

55. derivational morpheme 56. surface structure 57. mode of discourse 58. gradable antonym

59. Innateness Hypothesis

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60. complementary antonym __________互补反义词______________ 61. interchangeability

_______可交换性_________________ ________结构关系________________

62. syntagmatic relation 63. pure vowel

_________纯元音_______________

_________语调语言_______________

64. intonation language 65. bound morpheme

__________粘着语素______________

__________语言能力______________ __________深层结构______________

66. linguistic competence 67. deep structure 68. semantic field

__________语义场_____________

___________情境语境_____________ ___________发音方法_____________

69. context of situation 70. manner of articulation 71. discreteness

___________组件_____________ _________应用语言学_______________ __________直接成分______________ __________发音部位______________

72. Applied Linguistics

73. immediate constituent 74. place of articulation 75. phoneme

___________音位；音素_____________ _________零语子_______________

__________结构歧义______________

76. zero morph

77. structural ambiguity 78. hyponymy

__________上下位关系______________

___________语旨_____________ __________成分分析______________

79. tenor of discourse

80. Componential Analysis

Answer the following questions.回答一下问题

1. What are the differences between grammatical competence and pragmatic competence?

2. What is the difference between free morphemes and bound morphemes? Illustrate it with examples. 3. What are the three syntactic relations? Illustrate them with examples.

4. What does it mean to say that language is arbitrary? Illustrate it with examples.

5. What is the difference between tone languages and intonation languages? Illustrate it with

examples.

6. Explain the differences between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes in terms of both

function and position.

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