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Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2018·陕西西安地区八校联考)

Babbage，born in London in 1791，was a great mathematical genius.He was a natural inventor. When he finished school，he went to study mathematics at Cambridge University.Later，he got a job teaching at the university.While working there，he designed his “first difference engine”．This was，basically，a hand-operated mechanical calculator.

He took nine years to build a part of the machine.This machine can make complex mathematical calculations.It’s a basic mechanical computer.

Babbage dreamed，however，of more complicated machines.In fact，he didn’t only dream; he began to design them.The result was a series of “analytical engines” which were in fact powerful computers!

His designs contained processors，control units，a memory and an input/output system.These are the four essential parts of a modern mathematical computer!

Alas! His “second difference engine” couldn’t use electricity since this hadn’t yet become a usable source of power，so Babbage had to make do with mechanical systems.For this reason，the machine was big，complicated and expensive.Though Babbage produced complete plans for the machine，he couldn’t build it.It was too advanced for its age!

It was not until almost 160 years later that Babbage’s “second difference engine” was finally manufactured.The first working version of this machine was built by the Science Museum in London，for the Babbage bicentenary in 1991.A second machine was then built for an American high-tech millionaire，who put it in the Computer History Museum，in California.

Babbage’s analytical engines would have used “programs” like those used in the textile(纺织) industry to make complicated patterns，but they were never built.This brilliant mathematician really was too far ahead of his time!

1．Where did Babbage plan his “first difference engine”？ A．In London.

B．At high school.

C．At Cambridge. D．In Science Museum.

2．What do we know about his “second difference engine”？ A．It took him nine years to build it. B．It was far ahead of its time. C．Its design came out in his dreams. D．Its power source was electricity.

3．The “second difference engine” was built to work in 1991 . A．for an American millionaire B．in memory of Babbage

C．to test its ability to use electricity D．for textile industry to make patterns 4．What can we infer from the text?

A．Babbage’s engines didn’t run on programs. B．Textile patterns are produced with programs. C．Babbage can be seen as the father of computers. D．Babbage’s analytical engines were never built.

B

With golden sunshine and a gentle breeze，autumn is the most beautiful season in the year.This is a great time to go outside and have fun.Go to a valley to see red maple trees，go and pick fruit in an orchard or find an open field to fly your kite in.

However，for many high school students，these great activities may be just a dream.With plenty of work to do，they spend all their hours indoors，struggling for a high mark in their exams.Of course，study is one of the most important things for teenagers.But life is definitely much more than that.

Sometimes we spend so much time studying that we forget how to make life wonderful.In doing so，we lose the real purpose of life—to be a valuable and happy person.To enjoy just how great it is to be alive，we have to put down our books and pens and look around us.Students，take some exercise to improve your health，talk with your parents and friends for understanding and walk around outside to refresh your body and mind.

Going out and enjoying the beautiful countryside often helps our creativity in our

work.Chinese craftsman，Lu Ban，created a saw to help woodworkers.But if he hadn’t walked outside，he would not have been inspired by a kind of toothed grass.We could also suppose that if Newton hadn’t rested under that apple tree，then he wouldn’t have been hit by an apple，and his classic theories would not have come out.

Going out is not only a break from hard work，but a chance to add to life experience.So come on，give your brain a good rest.Step out of the books and get your bag ready for an autumn outing.We are sure you will get much more than knowledge from the exciting journey. 5．In which paragraph does the writer make a summary about his opinion? A．Paragraph 1. C．Paragraph 5.

B．Paragraph 2. D．Paragraph 4.

6．Why is going out a dream for many high school students? A．They are unhappy to do so.

B．Their parents don’t allow them to do so.

C．They think study is the most important thing for them.

D．They have too much work to do for getting high marks in the exams. 7．The passage is developed mainly by . A．making predictions

B．reasoning and giving examples

C．describing the beautiful scenery in autumn

D．pointing out the present situation of high school students 8．What message can you get from the passage? A．Nature is power.

B．All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. C．The author isn’t happy with our education at all. D．Going out can make high school students get more.

C

While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class，a monitor a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.

Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer’s Los Angeles apartment，the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds