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初中完型填空题解题技巧

一、 完形填空的特点是什么？

完形填空是一种旨在考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力的典型题，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25个词左右设一空。人名、 地名、日期等不在设空之列。隔词数越少，题目越难；反之亦然。

文体多以记叙文为主，首句通常不设空。考查内容集中在对名词、动词、代词、形容词和副词等实词的理解上。完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字，不认得字、词语的情况下，能否通过推理判断、综合分析等全面理解文章的正确意思，然后把答案填入空白处，使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。

二、完形填空题的设置方法

1. 句子层次的设空 （从词汇、惯用法, 语法规则的实际应用方面进行设计）

指那些只需读懂“空格”所在句子便可选出答案的题目，包括词义识别，同义词辨析，英语惯用法, 语法规则的实际应用。

例1：When you take your clothes off, remember to 86 . Get into the habit of(养成…的习惯) taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before long you’ll be doing it without thinking. ( ) 86. A. hang them up B. leave them alone C. put them on D. throw them away 例2：Only Mother’s Love is true love. She gives you everything all her life. When you are a baby, mother looks after you 16 . In your waking hours she always holds you in her arms. When you are ill, she 17 her work right away to look after you. When you are growing up, she feels 18 . ( )16. A. careful B. carefully C. good D. badly ( )17. A. does B. goes on C. stops D. likes ( )18. A. sad B. silly C. upset D. happy 2. 句群层次的设空 (从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力)

指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目。这种题目相对较难，但只要你能根据上下文的内容进行考虑，一定能选出正确的答案。 ①前制性设空：即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。

例1：It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to ____ in front of all the teachers and students of my school!

A. write B. speak C. sing D. dance 例2：Sometimes you may not understand your parents. One minute they’re friendly, the next minute they’re shouting and screaming(尖叫) loudly enough for the whole street to hear. So who makes them so 85 . You, probably! ( ) 85. A. friendly B. lonely C. changeable D. comfortable(舒适的)

②后制性设空：指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案的题目，即在下文某处有提示。 例1：Nobody ____ him in the village. One day he said to them, “I know you don’t like me …” A. believed B. liked C. hated D. knew 例2： Country music comes from ____ kinds of music. One is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West. A. many B. all C. two D. three

Even though you may not realize(意识到) it, your parents have bought you many clothes. But they’re not buying themselves new things every week, are they? The simple truth is that there are

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more 87 things to spend money on, like the electricity(电) bill and food. ( ) 87. A. interesting B. difficult C. important D. surprising 3. 语篇性设空 (从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力)

指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。这种题目难度较高，需要我们在全面理解文章的正确意思下才能做出正确的选择，这种题目主要用于拉开优秀生与其他学生的分数，但题目不会太多。

例：Sometimes you may not understand your parents….You might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents’ point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get? Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry. 90 , your parents are probably worried that you aren’t eating enough. ( ) 90. A. In addition B. In return C. At most D. At last

三、完形填空解题步骤与要领

第一步：细读首句，跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意

细读首句: 明确短文话题，了解篇章结构,预测全文内容。 跳过空格，快速通读，领会大意，把握中心。 生词的处理；跳过、判断词性、了解大意、猜测。

第二步：上下联系，逐句阅读，先易后难，初定答案。

答案要求 语法正确, 搭配无误, 结构完整，意思通顺, 前后一致, 逻辑得当。 怎样分析： A. 从空格所在的句子单独考虑。

B. 从空格所在的前后2-3句考虑。 C. 从整个段落、整篇短文考虑。

思路一: 分析句子结构，从语法和句型结构考虑。

思路二: 理解句子含义，判断句义关系，从词汇的意义、用法和搭配考虑。 思路三: 把握整体意思，寻找答题线索，从上下文考虑。

思路四: 结合前后语境，进行逻辑推理，从日常生活常识考虑。 第三步： 复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案，坚定信心。 ▲怎样验证答案：

① 所选答案是否能使全文流畅，逻辑推理是否正确。 ② 具体实事是否成立，前后关系是否理顺。

③ 语法是否正确，其中包括时态的选择、词汇选择、固定搭配等。

④ 在通读全文时最好在可能的条件下将所选答案填入文章中，反复阅读。

四、具体的解题方法与技巧

在解题时，除了运用“前制性设空”、“后制性设空”和“语篇性设空”的知识进行解题外，还有下面三种方法与技巧可供参考。

（１）语意第一，语法第二原则。 根据文化背景和生活常识，利用上下文线索，分析并列句的因果关系，可以选出正确答案。

例1：A young father was visiting an old neighbor. They were standing in the old man's garden and talking about ______ ．

A.trees B.flowers C.children D.old people 【点拨】【A young father was visiting an old neighbor. They were standing in the old man's garden, and talking about __________. The young man said, \】

例2：Little Tom wondered what would happen to the eggs. Two weeks later, little Tom found some chicks ____ out of the shells(蛋壳). A. walked B. ran C. jumped D. struggled

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例3：It took Charlie Mui several months to save up seven dollars. He wanted to ______ a model plane and went

to the shop with the money

A.sell B.buy

C.hold

D.bring

（２）语法正确，注意细节的原则。

在语意正确的前题下，还要根据学过的语法知识，词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面选择正确答案。如：

例1： One night the dog began to bark suddenly. It made Mr Erens ___ ①___ to sleep. He had to get up and

tried his __ ② ___ to stop it， but the beast wouldn't stop， and kept on ____ ③ ___.

① A.go not B.not go C.not to go D.to not go ② A.well B.good C.better D.best ③ A.bark B.to bark C.barking D.barked

例2：Ｍr Evans is an old man of about sixty, His wife died a few years ago. His children ______ him by then．

A.left

B.would leave

C.have left

D.had left?

（３）从语法方面，根据所给答案的不同词类，从不同角度分别考虑选择。

a.名词的选择，应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意其性和数的一致。

b.动词的选择，要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。考虑动词的时态、语态和是否是要填入非谓语动词。

c.介词的选择，应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。

d.代词的选择，要注意性(男或女)、数(单复数)、格(主格、宾格、形代、名代)是否准确。 e.连词的选择，要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。

f.形容词和副词的选择，要注意词义的区别，用于比较时，还要注意比较级和最高级等。

例如： A man and his wife had a small bar(酒吧) near a station. They often worked late into the night， ____ ① __ people came to drink there while they were __ ②__ trains. At two o'clock one morning， one man was still at a table in the small bar. He was asleep. The bar man's wife wanted to leave. She looked _ ③ __ the bar several times， and each time the man was ___ ④ __ there， Then at last she went to her husband and said to him， \ __ ⑤ __ that man six times， George ， ___ ⑥ __ he isn't drinking anything?\

①A.as soon as B.because C.so D.though ②A.catching up with B.getting on C.looking after D.waiting for ③A.at B.for C.into D.out of ④A.always B.often C.still D.already ⑤A.have woken B.wake C.had woken D.will wake ⑥A.and B.but C.yet D.too

五、【实例讲解】

【例1】Last year I bought some flower pots (花盆). I didn’t __41__ them at once. One day, I went to a shop __42___ some flower seeds(种子). Then I put them into a pot with soil (土壤) and watered them. For a few days, ___43____happened. I went on watching. On the ____44___day, I finally saw the seeds develop and felt so ___45____.

Our life is sometimes like an ____46____ flower pot with nothing inside. Our days are filled with lots of different things. We usually don’t do them ___47___ we think they’re not very important. But ___48___we find that some important things are gone. Those things we lose in life are seeds of hope, love and dreams.

Planting fun in hearts is just like __49___flowers. The seeds of fun in hearts will develop as the seeds of flowers. So if I plant __50__ of hope, I can expect something wonderful. (2012年昆明市学业水平考试)

( )41. A. make B. use C. buy

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