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is one of the practical form of values. The so-called values refers to the objective things are of no value and the value of fundamental perspective. Different values, people's behaviour, attitudes, ways are different. People-oriented focus on human value and reality, we need the broadest masses as values. Adhere to people-oriented values, is to make the economy more development, improve democracy, cultural prosperity, and live a happier; is deeply concerned that human development and human values, development of social and human development of rational unified, insisted in the material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization in the overall advancement of Socialist civilization to a higher level. Also want to see that person's value is not only meet your needs, also is to meet the needs of others and the community. Adhere to people-oriented, to strongly advocate every community member, serve others, beneficial to the community of people. The so-called Outlook, attitude is on the record, including who, how to create a record of achievements, how to evaluate performance, and so on. What values, whatkind of Outlook. Adhere to people-oriented Outlook, is on the premise of respecting the interests and power of people, creating a popular, warm hearts, steady heart performance, creating \one officer, the benefit of\s, and overall construction of well-off society and promoting the all-round development of people's performance. Achievement evaluation in both economic accomplishments, take another look at the effectiveness of social progress; changes in both urban and rural change; both hard environment to strengthen and take another look at the soft environment improvement momentum of development at present, depending on the potential for sustainable development. Leave people to talk about \nd leave people to talk about \performance. 4. people responded to the starting point of the question, and replied to questions point. Man is the sum of social relationships. We cannot leave the chichuanyongdu, housing, tourism and entertainment, entertaining, and even certain political, economic, cultural and social environment, and so on. Due to human needs, all walks of life will come into being. People create for their survival, and continue enjoying the results of the construction. Colorful in the transformation of the people of the world, community vitality in the creation of man. Therefore, any work we do, the starting point is human, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the needs of people, including survival needs, emotional needs and self-actualization needs. It should be noted that people are not machines, not the slave of an object, not to be controlled. People have their own personality, has its own personality, has its own dignity. Person in need of care, you need to understand, need to meet. It is said that in the \ety, people plant\ety, man is an animal%urn华东理工大学计算机科学与工程系

本科毕业设计（论文）实施方案

依据华东理工大学本科毕业设计（论文）教学指导手册的原则，并结合我系具体情况，特制订如下方案：

一、毕业设计（论文）的类型及结构

根据计算机学科的特点，毕业课题分为三种类型：理论型、科研型和工程型。

1．理论型

理论是对课题涉及的事物及其属性和运动规律的理性概括，具有一般性和严密的论证性。一般来说来，所有计算机应用领域都有理论型课题。

理论型论文并不一定要有形式化的定理证明系统。

（1）多数的理论型论文是将前人的工作作为假设前提，在此基础上作一、二步推进。（2）对于前人尚未展开过工作的理论问题，给出理论模型，并证明它的适用性。

（3）如果不能给出严格的定律和形式证明，作为论文，论证和验证必不可少，论证是收集、引用说明问题的资料、数据、其它文章的结论；验证是以计算机软件或硬件做出模拟、仿真或验证实物，通过演示表示其结果的正确性。

（4）将前人的理论研究用自己的观点复述或综述几个人的论点得到一篇目标完整的理论型论文。对理论型论文，强调学术性。例如，解决了一个众所周知的问题，纠正了某理论的错误且提出解决修正方案，或自己提出有意义的模型、定义，且有定理、命题、或性能比较、分析、测试报告等。

对这类论文重点收集整理问题的发现规律，解决问题所用到的基本知识，解决问题的独特方法，定理证明，算法设计和分析。论文结构一般安排如下：

（1）引言（重点描述要解决的问题的来源，难度，解决问题的主要方法，全文的组织等）（2）基本知识（解决问题涉及的基本定义，定理，及自己提出的概念等）

（3）推理过程及结论（给出问题解决方案，包括定理证明，算法设计，复杂性分析等）（4）结束语（全文总结及展望）

这类工作可以不进行系统演示，但应有指导教师的认可并出具证明，且有一定的工作量。

2．科研型

这类课题，整体来说，不一定要做出工程产品或日后可实施的技术规范。科研型课题带有首创和探索性，只希望基本成功，在关键技术上有突破，有创新点，不排除重大缺陷。一般是技术原型，但不排除其中某部分就是日后产品的主要部分或使用工具。国外已成熟的技术，而国内首次研制，也属科研型。它着重一般方法和核心实现技术。

科研型论文大体分为理论部分（本课题依据的原理和当今解决此问题技术途径的分析）和设计实现两个部分。

对科研型论文，强调创造性。它可以是对某一项计算机领域的先进技术或成熟软件进行分析、比较，进而能提出自己的评价和有针对性创见。例如XML目前是因特网上新涌现的标记语言，它较HTML有许多无可比拟的优点，其中XML-SQL是基于XML提出的一种新型查询语言，分析总结这一新型查询语言并探索它的实现途径是十分有意义的工作。再如对自由软件数据库系统MySQL，分析总结其在Web应用上的特色，并能将有关技术用于自己研制的系统中。

这类论文的重点是收集整理有关的最新论文或软件，进行具体研究，并分析比较所得实验数据等内容。论文结构一般安排如下：

（1）引言（重点描述研究对象的特点，分析研究工作的意义，主要结果，全文的组织等）（2）研究对象的概括性描述

（3）研究过程及主要结果（如果是技术分析，给出主要数据，如果是软件分析，给出代码分析结果，实验过程等）

（4）结果评价和系统应用（对研究结果进行分析比较，提出某些设计实现方案，及进行一些实验）

ow, we are in a new historical stage of all-round construction of a well-off society. In perform duties, and carried out work of process in the, we to put people as a guide principles, and a test standard, efforts from masses most hope do of things do up, from masses most care of hot problem grabbed, from masses most not satisfaction of place modified up, not make nominal of formalism, not do grandstanding of cosmetic, to seeking of style, help masses share, is people benefit. (C) the investee people is not only an idea, it is a job requirement. Philosophy through to the people-oriented thought in the work of the Office, must be clear work objectives. Party Office in the city this year remains: Advanced civil strife, local brand. The County (City) Party Committee offices and units directly under the Office to hold high the banner of first to excellence, people-oriented requirements, strengthen the construction and management of the Office towards the work \higher level\e 1. political participation based on conspiracy to adhere to people-oriented, will be around to promote coordinationDevelopment events, greatsearchings. The 16 session of the party's scientific Outlook on development, is the new Central collective leadership to the development of connotation, development essentials, further deepen the essence of development and innovation, is our party's ruling idea a leap. At present, establishing and implementing the scientific concept of development has become the party's important work. As the Office of party Committee, working party should service center, initiative to claim leadership of the decision, the current focus is to focus on promoting comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development with more suggestions, do more research, summarized the typical. One is drafted to raise the level of your presentation. our presentation is the main Office of \he basic carrier staff service, is important to measure service levels. The quality of your presentation, mainly depends on how much we drafted a document recognized by the leadership, how many are listening to the people in favour of the report, how many paid dividends in the practical work. Improve presentation drafting level, requirements we accurate grasp led intent, General led care of work are to as understand, General led consider of problem are to in-depth thinking; requirements we highlight place features, put superior approach policy and local actual combined up, put presentation of theme thrust and masses of by thought by wants to combined up; requirements we seeks to streamlined clear, with simple of language expression deep of thought, with short of length hosted rich of connotation. Second, the survey results more. Investigation of the base, the road to success is something, is our for the Party Committee's policy decision a good idea, an important part of a good staff. This year, to focus around industrial XING city, and farmers increase, and and manpower development, and seeking, major problem and foster advantage industry, and adjustment agricultural structure, and carriedis one of the practical form of values. The so-called values refers to the objective things are of no value and the value of fundamental perspective. Different values, people's behaviour, attitudes, ways are different. People-oriented focus on human value and reality, we need the broadest masses as values. Adhere to people-oriented values, is to make the economy more development, improve democracy, cultural prosperity, and live a happier; is deeply concerned that human development and human values, development of social and human development of rational unified, insisted in the material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization in the overall advancement of Socialist civilization to a higher level. Also want to see that person's value is not only meet your needs, also is to meet the needs of others and the community. Adhere to people-oriented, to strongly advocate every community member, serve others, beneficial to the community of people. The so-called Outlook, attitude is on the record, including who, how to create a record of achievements, how to evaluate performance, and so on. What values, whatkind of Outlook. Adhere to people-oriented Outlook, is on the premise of respecting the interests and power of people, creating a popular, warm hearts, steady heart performance, creating \one officer, the benefit of\s, and overall construction of well-off society and promoting the all-round development of people's performance. Achievement evaluation in both economic accomplishments, take another look at the effectiveness of social progress; changes in both urban and rural change; both hard environment to strengthen and take another look at the soft environment improvement momentum of development at present, depending on the potential for sustainable development. Leave people to talk about \nd leave people to talk about \performance. 4. people responded to the starting point of the question, and replied to questions point. Man is the sum of social relationships. We cannot leave the chichuanyongdu, housing, tourism and entertainment, entertaining, and even certain political, economic, cultural and social environment, and so on. Due to human needs, all walks of life will come into being. People create for their survival, and continue enjoying the results of the construction. Colorful in the transformation of the people of the world, community vitality in the creation of man. Therefore, any work we do, the starting point is human, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the needs of people, including survival needs, emotional needs and self-actualization needs. It should be noted that people are not machines, not the slave of an object, not to be controlled. People have their own personality, has its own personality, has its own dignity. Person in need of care, you need to understand, need to meet. It is said that in the \ety, people plant\ety, man is an animal%urn（5）结束语（全文总结及展望）这类工作应进行系统演示。

3．工程型

毕业设计期间必须做出工程产品一部分或相对完整的工程原型系统。现代软件工程非常强调撰写文档，在开发期间，各阶段都要撰写文档。毕业论文属技术报告型，报告本课题所依据的原理、规范和实现模型所需的环境支持，总体实现方案，各（子）部分的设计与实现，与外部的接口等。但不等于文档集合，毕业论文应该带有论证性。如这个课题当今有几种实现方案、为什么要选择此种方案、本方案有何优缺点等。

论文要突出重点，对核心、独创部分尽可能地详细。要强调系统性，即从分析、设计、实现到测试，每个阶段的重点技术要清楚。特别是测试结果和使用情况是工程型课题最为增色之处，切不可略去。对工程型论文，强调应用性。例如完成一个不太大的实际项目或在某一个较大的项目中设计并完成一个模块（如应用软件、工具软件或自行设计的板卡、接口等等），然后以工程项目总结或科研报告、或已发表的论文的综合扩展等形式完成论文。

论文应重点收集整理课题的立题背景，需求分析，平台选型，使用的开发工具，系统体系结构，程序模块调用关系，数据结构，算法，实验或测试等内容。论文结构一般安排如下：

（1）引言或背景（概述题目背景，实现情况，自己开发的内容或模块）。

（2）一般谈课题意义，综述已有成果，如“谁谁在文献某某中做了什么工作，谁谁在文献某某中有什么突出贡献”，用“但是”一转，分析存在问题，引出自己工作必要性、意义和价值、创新点和主要思想、方法和结果。然后用“本文组织如下：第一章....，第四章.....” 作为这段结束。

（3）课题的分析设计（包括概要设计和详细设计，应强调系统的整体性，重点描述项目的整体框架，功能，开发工具，突出自己工作在整体中的位置，对概要设计的细化等。这部分内容是全文的重点）。

（4）主要实现及功能的描述（包括模块调用关系，数据结构，算法说明，依据内容多少此部分可安排两到三节）。

（5）实验或测试（描述数据库设计结果，代码开发原理和过程，实现中遇到和解决的主要问题，系统的测试，今后的维护和改进等）。

（6）总结（全文总结及展望）。这类工作应进行系统演示。

二、立题、选题要求

毕业设计（论文）是本科生基础理论知识和综合能力的具体体现，是本科生培养质量的重要标志。立题必须符合专业培养目标，围绕本学科的专业特色，在本学科和交叉学科范围内，选择科技前沿又具有所学课程的知识、能力训练的题目，及在经济建设中的科学研究和工程技术问题，有一定的理论价值和实际意义的课题。

1．立题

（1）毕业设计（论文）课题应尽可能结合实际科学研究项目命题，同时应达到使学生能得到综合训

练的教学基本要求。（2）立题有利于培养学生综合应用知识及综合分析的能力，和一定的独立从事科学技术研究的方法

和解决实际问题的独立工作能力： ? 研究课题的立题背景

? 文献资料的查阅与分析应用 ? 方案确定、设计与实现 ? 论文报告的撰写（3）有利于培养学生从事科学研究应有的严肃态度，严格要求、严密论证、实事求是的工作作风，

掌握从事科学研究的实验技术。（4）毕业设计（论文）由各教科组组织指导教师命题，经教科组主任审核后，上网进行填报。

searchings. The 16 session of the party's scientific Outlook on development, is the new Central collective leadership to the development of connotation, development essentials, further deepen the essence of development and innovation, is our party's ruling idea a leap. At present, establishing and implementing the scientific concept of development has become the party's important work. As the Office of party Committee, working party should service center, initiative to claim leadership of the decision, the current focus is to focus on promoting comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development with more suggestions, do more research, summarized the typical. One is drafted to raise the level of your presentation. Your presentation is the main Office of \c carrier staff service, is important to measure service levels. The quality of your presentation, mainly depends on how much we drafted a document recognized by the leadership, how many are listening to the people in favour of the report, how many paid dividends in the practical work. Improve presentation drafting level, requirements we accurate grasp led intent, General led care of work are to as understand, General led consider of problem are to in-depth thinking; requirements we highlight place features, put superior approach policy and local actual combined up, put presentation of theme thrust and masses of by thought by wants to combined up; requirements we seeks to streamlined clear, with simple of language expression deep of thought, with short of length hosted rich of connotation. Second, the survey results more. Investigation of the base, the road to success is something, is our for the Party Committee's policy decision a good idea, an important part of a good staff. This year, to focus around industrial XING city, and farmers increase, and and manpower development, and seeking, major problem and foster advantage industry, and adjustment agricultural structure, and carried- 2 -

段性的成果，既不使学生承担的任务过重，结束时遗留很大的尾巴；又不因任务过少，造成学生空闲，以致达不到基本的要求。（6）坚持一人一题，指导教师可将大而难的题目化解为若干子题目，成为学生可独立完成的课题；

立题应注意题目的不断更新与类型的多样化，每位指导教师相继年届毕业设计（论文）的立题，更新率原则上不低于80％。（7）经批准的毕业设计（论文）题目，应在学生进入毕业设计（论文）的前两周向学生公布。指导

教师在实际指导过程中，原则上不得更改课题，如确需更改者，应报毕业设计（论文）领导小组审批、备案。

2．选题

（1）毕业设计（论文）的选题应在教师的指导下进行，学生原则上应在公布的立题范围内选题。选

题的原则是：

? 价值原则：毕业设计（论文）要有一定的学术水平，其选题应结合当前的科技、经济发展，

走向学术前沿

? 兴趣原则：本人对选题具有浓厚的兴趣与探索研究的积极性 ? 能力原则：本人应基本具备完成该选题的条件与能力 ? 要求一人一题（2）毕业设计（论文）的时间一般安排为二十周左右（含评阅、答辩，不包括毕业实习）。

三、毕业设计（论文）的规范化

1．毕业设计（论文）训练内容

（1）毕业实习

主要训练学生解决实际问题的能力，包括认识实习（已在短学期完成）和毕业实习。实习结束，学生必须提交《华东理工大学学生实习考核鉴定表》和《毕业实习报告》，毕业实习总成绩按优、良、及格和不及格进行评定，计入毕业设计（论文）总分。毕业实习成绩不及格者，不允许进入毕业设计（论文）的下一阶段。

（2）文献查阅

查阅总结中外文献资料，掌握文献查阅的方法和综合分析能力，需撰写文献的综述报告。外文文献的翻译量不少于4万印刷符号，要求译文由指导教师审阅后，用计算机排版，并与外文原文（用A4纸复印）装订成册。

（3）开题报告

对研究课题的课题目的、意义及实施方案可行性调查研究，对预期的研究成果及进度安排等进行分析和展望，写成开题报告，交由指导教师审查，并在教科组内进行交流报告。

（4）课题研究

按预定方案进行课题的研究和开发，定期与指定教师交流，软件开发过程应符合软件工程的规范。（5）毕业论文撰写。

2．毕业设计（论文）的撰写技巧及注意事项

撰写时请参照华东理工大学本科生设计（论文）格式规范。论文要求文字流畅，层次清晰，词藻不宜过分华丽、夸张。

（1）论文题目

论文题目应该简短、明确、有概括性，能反映内容。如有新意更好。例如，下面是一些不恰当的题目：“图像处理的某些问题的研究”，“论防火墙技术”等，其中的“某些问题”宜换成最中心的词汇。论防火墙技术题目太大，不适合本科生作。题名字数要适当，GB 7713-87 规定：“（中文）题名一般不宜超过20个字。”题名中要避免出现非公知公用的符号，题名应避免使用不常见的缩略词、首字母缩写字、字符和公式等，以便读者检索、转抄和引用。题名语意未尽，可用副题名。副题名与题名之间，可用破折号（——）分开。

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