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《计算机英语（第4版）》练习参考答案

Unit One: Computer and Computer Science Unit One/Section A

I.

Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

artificial intelligence 人工智能 paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器 optical computer 光计算机 neural network 神经网络 instruction set 指令集 parallel processing 并行处理 difference engine 差分机

versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件 silicon substrate 硅衬底

Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron input; output VLSI

workstations; mainframes vacuum; transistors instructions; software digit; eight; byte

microminiaturization; chip

10. vacuum tube 真空管

11. 数据的存储与处理 the storage and handling of data 12. 超大规模集成电路 very large-scale integrated circuit 13. 中央处理器 central processing unit 14. 个人计算机 personal computer

15. 模拟计算机 analogue computer 16. 数字计算机 digital computer 17. 通用计算机 general-purpose computer 18. 处理器芯片 processor chip 19. 操作指令 operating instructions 20. 输入设备 input device

III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making

changes if necessary:

We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.

Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based onvacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in whichtransistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s,integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such asmicrocomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuitsto be incorporated on onechip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing. IV.

Translate the following passage from English into Chinese: 计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。 语音识别的改进将使计算机的操作更加容易。

虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。

人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和执行

运算的计算。

这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。 科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。 还有一些限制与即使最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。

Unit One/Section B

I.

Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. 2. 3. 4. II.

Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

artificial neural network 人工神经网络 computer architecture 计算机体系结构 robust computer program 健壮的计算机程序 human-computer interface 人机接口 knowledge representation 知识表示 数值分析 numerical analysis

程序设计环境 programming environment 数据结构 data structure

存储和检索信息 store and retrieve information experimentation interfacing interdisciplinary microprocessor

10. 虚拟现实 virtual reality

Unit One/Section C

I.

Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. 2. 3. 4.

output supercomputer microcontroller handheld; convergence