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while表对比，when示突然间。 but/yet意转折，(either...) or供挑选， (neither...) nor全否定，not only...

but also...入递进关。

[操作技法1] 弄清楚前后分句之间的逻辑关系，正确理解语境，就可正确解题。 [典例] (2019·福州市高中毕业班适应性练习)Now the library has as many as 3,500 characters, ________ Chen's research on the project still continues, as he plans to extend the library to 7,000 characters.

[解析] 考查连词。 根据语境可知，空处前后内容之间为转折关系。故填but/yet。 [答案] but/yet

[操作技法2] 注意when和while用作并列连词时常用的固定句式和特殊意义。 [典例] (2019·昆明市高三复习诊断测试)During World War Ⅱ， ____________ long underwear was given to US soldiers to keep them warm in the winter cold, it really came to the public's attention.

[解析] 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句，故用连词when“当……时”；根据语境可知，前后句之间也可以为逻辑上的因果关系，前因后果，故用连词since/as/because。故填when/since/as/because。

[答案] when/since/as/because

二、从属连词在语法填空中的审题、解题要领口诀

状语从句不一般，服务功能它最全。 表原因、表结果，又表让步与时间。 表方式、表比较，尚表目的和条件。 连词作用分辨清，灵活运用不留憾。

[操作技法1] 具备全面的状语从句知识，熟悉每个连接词的语义和语法特征，尤其像as，since，while等引导不同的状语从句的连词，before引导状语从句时可以表达不同的意思等，都要熟练掌握。

[典例] (2019·郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)____________ he was looking into the use of cellphones by drivers, he found that more than 30% of them reached for their cellphones on the road.

[解析] 考查状语从句。该句意为：当他调查司机使用手机的情况时，他发现30%以上的司机在路上会伸手拿手机。根据句意并结合空后的“he was looking into”可知，空处表示“当……时”，故填When/While/As。

[答案] When/While/As

[操作技法2] 正确理解语境，这是正确答题的关键。需要提醒的是，在时间状语从句中有几个常用的固定句型，一定要牢记。如：be doing sth....when；be about to do sth. when...；

had just done sth. when...; not...until...。

[典例] (2019·高考考试大纲调研卷三)I didn't press the close button ____________ she steadied herself in the lift.

[解析] 考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句是not... until...句型，表示“直到……才……”。

[答案] until

[操作技法3] 巧看句式结构：在复合句的考题中，要首先看一下有没有and，or，but，so等并列连词，这些词可以作为做题的依据。

[典例] (2019·石家庄高中毕业班教学质量检测)He was so attracted by the performance as he decided to learn it.____________

[解析] 考查固定用法。so...that...为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于”，根据语境和该句中的“so”并分析句子结构可知，此处应将as改为that。

[答案] as→that

1．分析单词、短语或句子的逻辑关系或句式结构

(1)完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词；

(2)若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格必定填连词。 2．根据主从句的逻辑关系确定状语从句的连接词 (1)如果主从句是因果关系，则要考虑用because, as, since；

(2)如果主从句有时间先后之分，则要考虑用时间状语从句的连接词；如果从句为主句的条件，则要考虑用if；

(3)如果从句表示让步，则要考虑用although, though, while。 Step 4刷题训练·练稳练准练速度 Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2019·四川棠湖中学一次月考)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ____________ some of them looked disappointed.

[解析] 句意：当时有许多人正在公交车站等车，但他们有些人看上去很失望。前后两个分句表示转折关系，故填并列连词but。

[答案] but

2．(2019·江西抚州七校10月联考)Maybe, when dancing, you think you're not exercising ____________ entertaining yourself.

[解析] 句意：也许当你跳舞时，你会认为你没在锻炼而是在自娱自乐。not...but...意为：不是……而是……。

[答案] but

3．(2019·河南省实验中学二次月考)In their opinion, universities are public assets—they

should serve not only the students and faculty ____________ the general public as well.

[解析] 句意：他们认为，大学是公共资产——它们不仅应该服务学生和全体教师还要服务大众。根据本句中的not only可推知设空处填but，构成“not only...but... as well\\”结构。

[答案] but

4．(2019·吉林汪清六中9月月考)Smoking not only does harm to their health ____________ to others.

[解析] 句意：吸烟不仅对他们的健康有害而且还对别人有害。根据本句中的not only可知设空处填but(also)，构成“not only... but (also)．..”结构。

[答案] but(also)

5．(2019·山东淄博实验中学、淄博五中一次诊断)They are not like us to finish it in one drink, ____________ prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time.

[解析] 句意：他们(饮酒)不像我们那样一饮而尽，而是喜欢每次只喝一小口。根据句中的not可知设空处填but，构成“not... but...”结构。

[答案] but

6．(2019·湖南师大附中一次月考)“I'll tell you how you can improve your memory.\\” They say, ____________ they start their advice.

[解析] 句意：“我会告诉你如何提高你的记忆力。”他们说，然后他们就开始了他们的建议。前后两部分为顺承关系，故填and。

[答案] and

7．(2019·内蒙古赤峰二中二次月考)____________ afternoon tea can be enjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel or a café.

[解析] 句意：虽然在家里就可享用下午茶，但体验下午茶的最佳方式是去一家精致的酒店或咖啡馆。逗号前后为转折关系，故填从属连词Though/Although/While。

[答案] Though/Although/While

8．(2019·江西新余四中9月月考)They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude towards failure simply ____________ they are incapable(无能力的) of succeeding.

[解析] 句意：他们假装对失败持健康的、明智的态度只是因为他们没有成功的能力。设空处后面的从句说明主句的原因，故填从属连词because。

[答案] because

9．(2019·广西桂林十八中二次月考)He speaks so slowly and strangely ____________ it takes patience to understand what he is saying.

[解析] 句意：他说得又慢又怪以至于需要耐心才能明白他说的内容。本题考查“so... that...”句型，该句型中的that从句为结果状语从句。

[答案] that

10．(2019·四川邻水实验学校9月月考)No matter ____________ we go or what we do, we always embrace the adventure.

[解析] 句意：无论我们去哪里，无论我们做什么事情，我们总会冒一些风险。根据题干中的No matter及go可推知设空处填where。no matter where意为：无论去哪里。

[答案] where

11．(2019·甘肃民勤一中一次月考)The condition was ____________ terrible that all the work was done by hand.

[解析] 句意：环境如此恶劣以至于所有的工作都要手工完成。设空处后为形容词，故设空处填so。so...that...结构引导结果状语从句。

[答案] so

12．(2019·河南天一大联考一次联考)Healthy weight loss doesn't mean severe calorie reduction. However, ____________ you're anxious about your weight, speak with an expert to help ensure physical and mental health.

[解析] 句意：健康减肥并不意味着极力减少热量摄入。然而，如果/(每)当你对你的体重感到担心，找专家谈一谈来帮助确保你的身心健康。根据设空处前后句子的逻辑关系可知设空处可引导条件状语从句，也可引导时间状语从句，意为：“如果”或“(每)当……时候”，故填if/when/whenever。

[答案] if/when/whenever

13．(2019·辽宁沈阳东北育才学校一模)Together, those volunteers and the Northern Essex Community College students worked to clear rubbish out of a three－story building. They put on protective suits and gloves ____________ they entered the building.

[解析] 句意：那些志愿者和北埃塞克斯社区学院的学生一起将垃圾从一栋三层楼房清理出来。他们在进入那栋楼房前就穿上了防护服，戴上了手套。根据常识可知设空处表示“在……之前”，故填before。

[答案] before

14．(2019·江西红色七校一联)____________ hosting the Asian Games will cost the government a lot, the benefits are easy for us to see.

[解析] 句意：虽然举办亚运会会花政府很多钱，但是好处对我们来说也是显而易见的。设空处引导让步状语从句，故填从属连词Though/Although。

[答案] Though/Although

15．(2019·江苏启东中学一次月考)The doctor suggests that I should sleep with the window open ____________ it's very cold.

[解析] 句意：医生建议我睡觉时开着窗户，除非很冷。设空处引导条件状语从句，表

示“除非”，故填unless。

[答案] unless Ⅱ.语篇语法填空

(2019·甘肃师大附中月考)China has always been famous for being a“State of Etiquette(礼仪)”. According to historical documents, as early as 2,600 years ago, this nation has already established a thorough set 1.____________ dining etiquette.

A famous 19th century Russian writer, Anton Chekhov, once invited a Chinese man 2.____________(have) a drink in a bar. Chekhov said，“Before drinking from his cup, he held it with his hands and presented to me and the bar owner and bartenders,3.____________(say) ‘qing (please)’. This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink, 4.____________ prefer to drink by taking a small amount at 5.______________ time. With every sip(一小口), he 6.______________(eat) some food. Afterwards, he handed me some Chinese 7.______________(coin) to show gratitude. This is a rather interestingly polite nationality...”This was the most valuable opinion of a Chinese person 8.______________ was given by a foreigner two centuries ago. Chinese traditional dinner procedures used to be long and dealt 9.____________(serious) with; the 10.____________(important) the occasion, the more complex the procedures were.

语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要讲了中国是一个礼仪之邦，并举了一个例子来说明中国的餐桌礼仪。

1．[解析] 考查固定用法。句意：根据历史文献记载，早在2 600年以前，这个国家已经建立了一套周密的餐桌礼仪。a set of“一套”，为固定短语，故填of。

[答案] of

2．[解析] 考查固定句型。句意：十九世纪，一位著名的俄国作家曾经邀请一个中国人去酒吧喝酒。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”，为固定短语，故填to have。

[答案] to have

3．[解析] 考查非谓语动词。say的逻辑主语是he，它们之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语，故填saying。

[答案] saying

4．[解析] 考查连词。句意：他们不像我们一口喝完，但是更喜欢一次喝一小口。表示转折关系，故填but。

[答案] but

5．[解析] 考查固定短语。句意：他们不像我们一口喝完，但是更喜欢一次喝一小口。at a time“每次”，是固定短语，故填a。

[答案] a

6．[解析] 考查时态。句意：他喝一口酒，吃一些食物。这里在讲述故事，用一般过