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《新编考研英语阅读理解150篇》Unite 6 Text 2

Online databases of scientific journals have made life easier for scientists. No more strolling down to the library, searching through the old stacks and queuing up for the photocopier. Instead, a few clicks of a mouse can bring forth the desired papers and maybe others that the reader did not know of-the \available.

Well, that is how it is supposed to work, but does it? James Evans, a sociologist at the University of Chicago, decided to investigate. Dr Evans based his analysis on data from citation indexes compiled by Thomson Scientific. They record how often one article is cited as a source by others, and thus measure a

paper's influence. Those used by Dr Evans cover 6,000 of the most prominent academic journals. By cross-referring these to a database called Fulltext Sources Online, he was able to work out when each of these journals became available on the web-and whether a journal had posted back-issues electronically as well. For each research paper he looked at, he calculated the average age of the articles citecL He then calculated, for each of those cited articles, the number of back-issues of the journal it had been published in which were available on the web at the time when it was cited, and averaged that too. Finally, he

looked for correlations between the two averages.

What he discovered was that, for every additional year of back-issues of a journal available online,the average age of the articles cited from that journal fell by a month He also found a fall, once a journal was online, in the number of papers in it that got any citations at all. Rather than measuring the length of the tail, then, it seems that modern science is actually focusing on a tiny bit of it.

Why this should be so remains unclear. It does not seem to have anything to do with economics. The same effect applied whether or not a journal had to be paid for. One explanation could be that indexing works by titles and authors alone, as happened with printed journals, forced readers to cast at least a glance at work not immediately related to their own-or even that the mere act of browsing through a paper volume may have thrown up unexpected treasures. This may have led people to make broader camparisons and to integrate more past results into their research

It is not yet clear whether this change is for good or ill Electronic searching means that no relevant paper is likely to go unread, but narrowing the definition of \ risks reducing the cross-fertilisation of ideas that sometimes leads to big, unexpected advances As someone once put it, an ex;pert is someone who knows more and more about less and less until, eventually, he knows everything about nothing It would be ironic if that is the sort of expertise that the world wide web is creating [495 words] 6. The first paragraph is used to introduce ____________ .

[A] a new way of information searching [B] the advantages of online databases [C] the backgroLmd information of Dr Evans' study [D] a conclusion Dr Evan intends to prove wrong 7. For each research paper he chose, Dr Evans cares most about _________. [A] its

influence [B] its source journal

[C] its reference list [D] its scientific value

8. The phrase \ ( Line 4, Paragraph 3)\ ________________ . [A] recently-published articles [B] online issues of journals

[C] the most prominent journals [D] the most relevant articles 9. Which of the following is true of electronic seawhing? [A] It narrows scientists' research scope.

[B] Its emergence bears no relation to the economy of publishing industry. [C] It spoils the pleasure of reading paper volumes.

[D] It often provides readers with unexpected search results.

10. The author seems to be worried about the tendency that experts________________. [A] are less likely to make big advances in their own field [B] are less willing to exchange ideas across disciplines [C] are becoming more confined to limited areas [D] are becoming more and more ignorant

[NextPage] 核心词汇 cast

u向??投以（视线、笑容等）( P4L3) citation

【记】cite(引用)+-ation(名词后缀) n．（被）引用，引证( P2L2) 【近】quotation cross-fertilisation

【记]cross(跨越)+fertilisation[又写作fertilization； fertile（肥沃）+-ize（动词后缀）+-ation（名词后 缀）】；（使思想丰富）跨领域交流 n．（思想的）跨领域交流融合( P5L2) expertise

【记】expert（专家）+ise;（专家具备的）专门知识 n．专门知识；专门技能；专长( P5L5) integrate

【记】in-（没有）+teg（一tang触摸）+-ate（动词后 缀）；（使??如同没有触摸般完整）使合并 v（使）合并，成为一体( P4L6) 【近】blend，combine stack

n．（图书馆中贮藏使用效率较低的书的）书库 ( PIL2) ●短语 throw up

使显眼，使引起注意( P4L5)

[NextPage] 长难句分析

1. He then calculated, for each of those cited articles, the number of back-issues of the .journal it hadbeen published in which were available on the web at the time when it was cited, and averaged that too.

句子的主干是He then calculated the number of back-issues of the journal?and averaged thattoo，其谓语由两个并列的动词calculated和averaged构成。介词短语for each of those cited articles做状语。名词the journal后是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句(that)it had been published in做它的后置定语，it指代上文的名词each of those cited articles。which引导的限定性定语从句修饰先行词back-is-sues of the journal，when引导的从句中it也指代上文的each of those cited

articles。

译文：接着，他又计算了每篇论文的参考文献在被引用时，登载这些文献的杂志的过刊上线的期数，然后计算出其平均值。 2. One explanation could be that indexing works hy titles and authors alone,as happened with printedjournals, forced readers tI'cast at least a glance at work not immediately related to their own-or even thatthe mere act of browsing l.hrough a paper volume may have thrown up unexpected treasures.

该句的主干为One explanation could be thaL．．or even that?。第一个that引导的表语从句中，主干结构为indexing works by titles and authors alone?forced readers to cast at least a glance at work，主谓之间插入了a。引导的非限定性状语从句，as指代整个主干结构的内容，意为“正如纸质杂志的情况那样”。过去分词短语not immediately related to their own (work)做后置定语，修饰先行名词work。

译文：一种解释是，象纸质杂志那样仅含标题和作者的索引服务，迫使研究者至少要匆匆扫视一遍与自己的研究并不直接相关的文章--或许那匆匆一瞥就产生了意想不到的收获。

[NextPage] 试题命制分析

针对全文，我们可以从以下几个方面命题，考查考生的阅读理解能力。 1．事实细节题

(1)针对第四、五段，可考查电子查询的相关细节，参见试题9。 (2)针对第五段，可考查作者对在线查询的担忧，参见试题10。 2．推理引申题

(1)针对第一、二段内容，可考查埃万斯博士研究的目的，如：埃万斯博士的研究是为了探讨在线数据库是否会 。[A]简化科学家获取信息的过程；[B]为科学家提供更多的相关信息．[C]帮助科学家快速排除不相关的信息．[D]帮助科学家深化其专业知识。（答案：[B]）

(2)针对第二、三段，推断埃万斯博士研究数据的特点，参见试题7。

(3)另外，针对作者指出专家专业知识窄化的观点，可考查针对这一问题的解决方案，如：根据文章可推知，为摆脱知识窄化这一现状，专家们应 。[A]减少网络期刊的使用；[B]重视纸质期刊的使用；[C]增加跨领域的交流融合；[D]扩大研究的参考范围。（答案：[D]） 3．写作目的题

(1)针对第一段，可考查写作目的，参见试题6。

(2)可考查第五段中作者引用话语的目的。如：最后一段引用的话表明了作者对现在专家研究的 方面表示担忧。[A]可信度；[B]前景；[C]创造性；[D]方向性。(答案：[B]) 4．词义句意题

针对第三段，可考查结合上下文理解短语“a tiny bit of it”的具体含义，参见试题8。

[NextPage] 语篇分析

来源：The Economist《经济学家》“Science &Technology（科学与技术）版块2008.7.17 题目：Great minds think (too much )alike(英雄所见“过“同) 题材：网络技术与学术研究

文章通过介绍一项新的研究发现，指出搜索科技期刊在线数据库使科学研究的范围变窄。这是一篇结论说明型文章，按照“提出疑问--介绍研究--得出结论”的脉络展开论述。 第一段为第一部分：为疑问的提出做铺垫。

第一段指出科技期刊在线数据库给科学家带来的便利。第二、三句通过与传统文献搜索方式做比较(Instead)，突出在线数据