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基于MATLAB的图像分割算法研究

基于MATLAB的图像分割算法研究

摘 要

本文从原理和应用效果上对经典的图像分割方法如边缘检测、阈值分割技术和区域增长等进行了分析。对梯度算法中的Roberts算子、Sobel算子、Prewitt算子、拉普拉斯(Laplacian)算子、LoG(Laplacian-Gauss)算子、坎尼（Canny）算子的分割步骤、分割方式、分割准则相互比较可以看出根据坎尼（Canny）边缘算子的3个准则得出的边缘检测结果最满意。而阈值分割技术的关键在于阈值的确定，只有阈值确定好了才能有效的划分物体与背景，但这种方法只对于那些灰度分布明显，背景与物体差别大的图像的分割效果才明显。区域增长的基本思想是将具有相似性质的像素集合起来构成新区域。与此同时本文还分析了图像分割技术研究的方向。 关键词：图像处理 图像分割

Abstract

This article analyses the application effect to the classics image segmentation method like the edge examination, territory value division technology, and the region growth and so on.For comparing the Roberts operator, Sobel operator, Prewitt operator, the operator of Laplacian and the operator of LoG(Laplacian-Gauss),Canny operator in gradient algorithm,the step, the way and the standard of the image segmentation,we can find out the three standard of Canny edge operator the edge detection result of reaching most satisfy. And the key point of threshold segmentation lie in fixing the threshold value, it is good to have only threshold value to determine it then can be effective to divide object and background,but this kind of method is good to those gray scales,the big difference image effect between the background and obiect. The basic idea of area is to form the new region from similar nature.And also, this paper analyses the research direction of image segmentation technology at the same time. Key words: image processing image segmentation operator

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基于MATLAB的图像分割算法研究

目 录（一般目录要求最多是三级目录，不要出现四级目录）

第一章 绪论 ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1数字图像处理的基本特点 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1数字图像处理的信息大多是二维信息，处理信息量很大（三级标题有问题）1 1.1.2数字图像处理占用的频带较宽 .......................................................................................... 2 1.1.3数字图像中各个像素是不独立的，其相关性大 .......................................................... 2 1.1.4作合适的假定或附加新的测量 .......................................................................................... 2 1.1.5数字图像处理后的图像受人的因素影响较大 ............................................................... 2 1.2数字图像处理的优点 ................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.1再现性好 ................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2处理精度高 .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.2.3适用面宽 ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.4灵活性高 ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3数字图像处理的应用 ................................................................................................................. 4 1.3.1航天和航空技术方面的应用............................................................................................... 4 1.3.2生物医学工程方面的应用 ................................................................................................... 5 1.3.3通信工程方面的应用 ............................................................................................................ 5 1.3.4工业和工程方面的应用 ........................................................................................................ 5 1.3.5军事公安方面的应用 ............................................................................................................ 5 1.3.6文化艺术方面的应用 ............................................................................................................ 6 1.4数字图像分割技术的发展概况............................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 基于分形的图像分割技术 .................................................................................................. 6 1.4.2 基于神经网络的图像分割技术 ......................................................................................... 7 1.5本文的主要流程图 ..................................................................................................................... 8 第二章 数字图像处理的处理方式 ................................................................................................ 9 2.1图像变换 ....................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2图像编码压缩 .............................................................................................................................. 9 2.3图像增强和复原 .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.4图像分割 ....................................................................................................................................... 9 2.5图像描述 ..................................................................................................................................... 10 2.6图像分类（识别） ................................................................................................................... 10 第三章 MATLAB平台及其开发环境............................................................................................. 11 3.1.MATLAB的组成 .......................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.1MATLAB主要有以下几个部分............................................................................................. 11 a.数值计算功能 ................................................................................................................................ 12 b.符号计算功能 ................................................................................................................................ 12 c.数据分析功能 ................................................................................................................................ 12 d.动态仿真功能 ................................................................................................................................ 12 e.程序借口功能 ................................................................................................................................ 13 f.文字处理功能 ................................................................................................................................ 13

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基于MATLAB的图像分割算法研究

3.2MATLAB的特点 ............................................................................................................................ 13 3.2.1功能强大，可扩展性强 ..................................................................................................... 13 3.2.2界面友好，编程效率高 ..................................................................................................... 14 3.2.3图像功能，灵活且方便 ..................................................................................................... 14 3.3MATLAB在图像处理中的应用 ................................................................................................. 14 第四章 图像分割概念及算法研究 ............................................................................................. 16 4.1图像分割的基本概念 .............................................................................................................. 16 4.1.1图像分割定义 ....................................................................................................................... 16 4.2边缘检测方法（4.1和4.2之间不是并行关系） ......................................................... 17 4.2.1边缘检测概述 ....................................................................................................................... 17 4.2.2边缘检测梯度算法 .............................................................................................................. 19 a.梯度边缘检测算法基本步骤及流程图 .................................................................................. 19 b.Robert算子 ................................................................................................................................... 20 c.Sobel算子 ..................................................................................................................................... 21 d.Prewitt算子 ................................................................................................................................ 21 4.2.3拉普拉斯（Laplacian）算子 .......................................................................................... 22 4.2.4LoG(Laplacian-Gauss)算子 ............................................................................................. 24 4.2.5坎尼（Canny）算子 ............................................................................................................ 25 4.3灰度阈值分割 ............................................................................................................................ 27 4.3.1阈值分割介绍 ....................................................................................................................... 28 a.阈值化分割原则 ........................................................................................................................... 28 b.阈值分割算法分类 ...................................................................................................................... 29 4.3.2全局阈值 ................................................................................................................................ 30 a.极小值点阈值 ............................................................................................................................... 31 b.最优阈值 ........................................................................................................................................ 31 c.迭代阈值分割 ............................................................................................................................... 33 4.3.3动态阈值 ................................................................................................................................ 34 a.阈值插值 ........................................................................................................................................ 35 b.水线阈值算法 ............................................................................................................................... 35 4.4区域分割 ..................................................................................................................................... 37 4.4.1区域生长的基本原理、步骤及流程图 .......................................................................... 37 4.4.2生长准则和过程 ................................................................................................................... 40 a.灰度差准则 .................................................................................................................................... 40 b.灰度分布统计准则 ...................................................................................................................... 41 c.区域形状准则 ............................................................................................................................... 42 4.4.3分裂合并 ................................................................................................................................ 43 第五章 总结 ...................................................................................................................................... 45 5.1对于图像边缘检测的分析 ..................................................................................................... 45 5.2对于图像阈值分割的分析 ..................................................................................................... 45 5.3对于图像区域分割的分析 ..................................................................................................... 46 5.4改进意见（改进可另外做为一章比如说某某算法等的若干改进等，不要放入总结一章中）（总结是对整篇文章的一个概述，应该是写比如得出些什么结论，一些算法间比较等相关问题。） ............................................................................................................................. 46 参考文献 ............................................................................................................................................. 48 致 谢 .................................................................................................................................................... 49

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