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is one of the practical form of values. The so-called values refers to the objective things are of no value and the value of fundamental perspective. Different values, people's behaviour, attitudes, ways are different. People-oriented focus on human value and reality, we need the broadest masses as values. Adhere to people-oriented values, is to make the economy more development, improve democracy, cultural prosperity, and live a happier; is deeply concerned that human development and human values, development of social and human development of rational unified, insisted in the material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization in the overall advancement of Socialist civilization to a higher level. Also want to see that person's value is not only meet your needs, also is to meet the needs of others and the community. Adhere to people-oriented, to strongly advocate every community member, serve others, beneficial to the community of people. The so-called Outlookattitude is on the record, including who, how to create a record of achievements, how to evaluate performance, and so on. What values, what kind of Outlook. Adhere to people-oriented Outlook, is on the premise of respecting the interests and power of people, creating a popular, warm hearts, steady heart performance, creating \one officer, the benefit of\s, and overall construction of well-off society and promoting the all-round development of people's performance. Achievement evaluation in both economic accomplishments, take another look at the effectiveness of social progress; changes in both urban and rural change; both hard environment to strengthen and take another look at the soft environment improvement momentum of development at present, depending on the potential for sustainable development. Leave people to talk about \ople to talk about \ook\not what the performance. 4. people responded to the starting point of the question, and replied to questions point. Man is the sum of social relationships. We cannot leave the chichuanyongdu, housing, tourism and entertainment, entertaining, and even certain political, economic, cultural and social environment, and so on. Due to human needs, all walks of life will come into being. People create for their survival, and continue enjoying the results of the construction. Colorful in the transformation of the people of the world, community vitality in the creation of man. Therefore, any work we do, the starting point is human, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the needs of people, including survival needs, emotional needs and self-actualization needs. It should be noted that people are not machines, not the slave of an object, not to be controlled. People have their own personality, has its own personality, has its own dignity. Person in need of care, you need to understand, need to meet. It is said that in the \society, people plant\society, man is an animal\y, return

一、本课题设计（研究）的目的： 老年公寓是指既体现老年人居家养老，又能享受到社会提供的各种服务的老年住宅，属于机构养老的范畴。 老年公寓，政府和社会为缺乏子女及亲属照顾的老年人特殊设计、专门建造的居所。中国已步入老龄化社会，中国现有老龄人口已超过1.6亿，且每年以近800万的速度增加，有关专家预测，到2050年，中国老龄人口将达到总人口的三分之一。老年人口的快速增加，养老问题日趋严峻。作为我国社会养老的重要模式，老年公寓的发展无疑会成为我国的重要战略目标。 通过这次设计，我们可以检验和巩固大学四年所学的专业知识，并运用于实际中去，同时从建筑师和结构工程师的角度去考虑建筑造型和建筑结构。由于两者的侧重点不同，建筑师侧重造型设计，多半是从美学的角度出发；而结构工程师侧重工程结构的计算，多半是从结构的可靠性出发。对于一个建筑工程专业的学生同时要扮演双重角色，既是挑战又是锻炼。通过这次设计，我们可以熟悉各种建筑图纸形成的大概流程，了解我们在选型，制图，计算的过程中依据实际情况需要考虑哪些因素，并通过查资料，规范来解决问题。毕业设计不同于以前的课程设计，需要考虑的问题更多，因此我们碰到的难题也会很多，但同时我们学到的将会更多，这对我们以后的学习和工作有很大的帮助，尤其是即将进入设计院从事结构设计的同学尤为重要。 二、设计（研究）现状和发展趋势（文献综述）： 随着我国人口老龄化进程的加剧，养老已成为摆在我们面前的一个大课题。传统的家庭养老模式在市场经济发展的今天，已经面临着家庭规模减小，照料资源匮乏等种种挑战；社会养老作为养老模式的一个重要方向，已经悄然抬头，并在逐渐发展。 一、我国老年公寓的一些现状 (1)老年公寓的建设供不应求。发达国家进住老年公寓和养老机构的老年人约占老年人总数的5％左右。我国目前只有0.8%的人能够住进养老机构，部分老龄化特别严重的地区所具备的养老设施所能安置的老年人也不到地区人口总数的1%。 (2)老年公寓的布局不合理。目前老年公寓和养老机构的建设还没有例入各个城市的总体规划，缺乏从中国老年人的特点和需求出发，而制定的科学合理的建设规划。所以目前存在着有的老年公寓虽然环境和物质条件都很好，但地点远离社会、远离亲友。交通不便；有的居住高层塔楼并密度较高，活动空间少等，这些都给老年人生活和社会活动造成不便。 (3)老年公寓的价位偏高。有的老年公寓环境优美，设施齐全，服务较好，但是租售价位较高，有的月租价高达2000－3000元，很多老年人只好望洋兴叹。如上海市选择老年公寓的老人中，86.3％希望每月所需费用不超过1000元（《中外房地产导报》2001年18期）。北京市2000年调查显示，50岁以上的常住人口中，60％以上表示近期或以后愿意入住老年公寓，但他们所能承受的平均价格为860元；大连市老人入住老年公寓和养老机构可以接受的价位为400－500元（《老年住房专题会议论文集》2002年）。可见，在我国目前广大老年人的收入偏低的情况下，老年公寓的档次和价位要适合广大中低收入老年人的承受能力。 (4)大多数的老年公寓和养老机构建筑老化，设施不全。 一般来说设备齐全，环境优美，服务周到的老年公寓不太多。而有些单位和个人资助的养老机构，如福利院、敬老院的环境、条件和服务则较差，不能达到老有所养、老有所乐的目的。 (5)政府和社会对老年人的住宅建设重视和支持力度不够。目前国内对老年人住宅、购房等方面的支持的政策比较少，老年公寓和养老机构普遍存在资金投入不足，管理不ow, we are in a new historical stage of all-round construction of a well-off society. In perform duties, and carried out work of process in the, we to put people as a guide principles, and a test standard, efforts from masses most hope do of things do up, from masses most care of hot problem grabbed, from masses most not satisfaction of place modified up, not make nominal of formalism, not do grandstanding of cosmetic, to seeking of style, help masses share, is people benefit. (C) the investee people is not only an idea, it is a job requirement. Philosophy through to the people-oriented thought in the work of the Office, must be clear work objectives. Party Office in the city this year remains: Advanced civil strife, local brand. The County (City) Party Committee offices and units directly under the Office to hold high the banner of first to excellence, people-oriented requirements, strengthen the construction and management of the Office towards the work \her level\political participation based on conspiracy to adhere to people-oriented, will be around to promote coordinationDevelopment events, great searchings. The 16 session of the party's scientific Outlook on development, is the new Central collective leadership to the developmnt of connotation, development essentials, further deepen the essence of development and innovation, is our party's ruling idea a leap. At present, establishing and implementing the scientific concept of development has become the party's important work. As the Office of party Committee, working party should service center, initiative to claim leadership of the decision, the current focus is to focus on promoting comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development with more suggestions, do more research, summarized the typical. One is drafted to raise the level of your presentation. our presentation is the main Office of \oducts\he basic carrier staff service, is important to measure service levels. The quality of your presentation, mainly depends on how much we drafted a document recognized by the leadership, how many are listening to the people in favour of the report, how many paid dividends in the practical work. Improve presentation drafting level, requirements we accurate grasp led intent, General led care of work are to as understand, General led consider of problem are to in-depth thinking; requirements we highlight place features, put superior approach policy and local actual combined up, put presentation of theme thrust and masses of by thought by wants to combined up; requirements we seeks to streamlined clear, with simple of language expression deep of thought, with short of length hosted rich of connotation. Second, the survey results more. Investigation of the base, the road to success is something, is our for the Party Committee's policy decision a good idea, an important part of a good staff. This year, to focus around industrial XING city, and farmers increase, and and manpower development, and seeking, major problem and foster advantage industry, and adjustment agricultural structure, and carriedis one of the practical form of values. The so-called values refers to the objective things are of no value and the value of fundamental perspective. Different values, people's behaviour, attitudes, ways are different. People-oriented focus on human value and reality, we need the broadest masses as values. Adhere to people-oriented values, is to make the economy more development, improve democracy, cultural prosperity, and live a happier; is deeply concerned that human development and human values, development of social and human development of rational unified, insisted in the material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization in the overall advancement of Socialist civilization to a higher level. Also want to see that person's value is not only meet your needs, also is to meet the needs of others and the community. Adhere to people-oriented, to strongly advocate every community member, serve others, beneficial to the community of people. The so-called Outlookattitude is on the record, including who, how to create a record of achievements, how to evaluate performance, and so on. What values, what kind of Outlook. Adhere to people-oriented Outlook, is on the premise of respecting the interests and power of people, creating a popular, warm hearts, steady heart performance, creating \one officer, the benefit of\s, and overall construction of well-off society and promoting the all-round development of people's performance. Achievement evaluation in both economic accomplishments, take another look at the effectiveness of social progress; changes in both urban and rural change; both hard environment to strengthen and take another look at the soft environment improvement momentum of development at present, depending on the potential for sustainable development. Leave people to talk about \worthless and leave people to talk about \ook\not what the performance. 4. people responded to the starting point of the question, and replied to questions point. Man is the sum of social relationships. We cannot leave the chichuanyongdu, housing, tourism and entertainment, entertaining, and even certain political, economic, cultural and social environment, and so on. Due to human needs, all walks of life will come into being. People create for their survival, and continue enjoying the results of the construction. Colorful in the transformation of the people of the world, community vitality in the creation of man. Therefore, any work we do, the starting point is human, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the needs of people, including survival needs, emotional needs and self-actualization needs. It should be noted that people are not machines, not the slave of an object, not to be controlled. People have their own personality, has its own personality, has its own dignity. Person in need of care, you need to understand, need to meet. It is said that in the \society, people plant\society, man is an animal\y, return善的问题。 二、我国城市老年公寓的发展方向 （1）老年公寓将逐步从主城区向城郊转移 老年人进入养老社区的目的就是安享晚年和健康长寿，因此对环境质量要求较多，而现有的养老院、福利院因历史原因，大多选址于市中心，噪音和空气污染相当严重，相信随着老年人对养老质量要求的提高，其老年住宅从主城区向城郊转移将成必然之势，且唯有城郊独特的地理环境才能满足老年人对居住环境的特殊要求。 （2）“山水型老年公寓”将更受消费者青睐 随着居民生活水平的提高，老年人对居住的要求更加讲究。他们年轻时由于竞争环境和迫于生计，终年奔波于城市中间，渴望回到自然却又无法自主，退休后如释重负，轻松了，无牵挂了，迫切需要回归自然，与山水园林亲密接触，过着“桃花源”式的田园生活，颐养天年。因此“山水型老年公寓”的出现将倍受他们的青睐。 （3）老年公寓的设计应适合不同层次的老年人的需求。 （4）综合性通用住宅的周边环境应满足老年人的要求。 ow, we are in a new historical stage of all-round construction of a well-off society. In perform duties, and carried out work of process in the, we to put people as a guide principles, and a test standard, efforts from masses most hope do of things do up, from masses most care of hot problem grabbed, from masses most not satisfaction of place modified up, not make nominal of formalism, not do grandstanding of cosmetic, to seeking of style, help masses share, is people benefit. (C) the investee people is not only an idea, it is a job requirement. Philosophy through to the people-oriented thought in the work of the Office, must be clear work objectives. Party Office in the city this year remains: Advanced civil strife, local brand. The County (City) Party Committee offices and units directly under the Office to hold high the banner of first to excellence, people-oriented requirements, strengthen the construction and management of the Office towards the work \her level\political participation based on conspiracy to adhere to people-oriented, will be around to promote coordinationDevelopment events, great searchings. The 16 session of the party's scientific Outlook on development, is the new Central collective leadership to the development of connotation, development essentials, further deepen the essence of development and innovation, is our party's ruling idea a leap. At present, establishing and implementing the scientific concept of development has become the party's important work. As the Office of party Committee, working party should service center, initiative to claim leadership of the decision, the current focus is to focus on promoting comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development with more suggestions, do more research, summarized the typical. One is drafted to raise the level of your presentation. our presentation is the main Office of \he basic carrier staff service, is important to measure service levels. The quality of your presentation, mainly depends on how much we drafted a document recognized by the leadership, how many are listening to the people in favour of the report, how many paid dividends in the practical work. Improve presentation drafting level, requirements we accurate grasp led intent, General led care of work are to as understand, General led consider of problem are to in-depth thinking; requirements we highlight place features, put superior approach policy and local actual combined up, put presentation of theme thrust and masses of by thought by wants to combined up; requirements we seeks to streamlined clear, with simple of language expression deep of thought, with short of length hosted rich of connotation. Second, the survey results more. Investigation of the base, the road to success is something, is our for the Party Committee's policy decision a good idea, an important part of a good staff. This year, to focus around industrial XING city, and farmers increase, and and manpower development, and seeking, major problem and foster advantage industry, and adjustment agricultural structure, and carried is one of the practical form of values. The so-called values refers to the objective things are of no value and the value of fundamental perspective. Different values, people's behaviour, attitudes, ways are different. People-oriented focus on human value and reality, we need the broadest masses as values. Adhere to people-oriented values, is to make the economy more development, improve democracy, cultural prosperity, and live a happier; is deeply concerned that human development and human values, development of social and human development of rational unified, insisted in the material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization in the overall advancement of Socialist civilization to a higher level. Also want to see that person's value is not only meet your needs, also is to meet the needs of others and the community. Adhere to people-oriented, to strongly advocate every community member, serve others, beneficial to the community of people. The so-called Outlookattitude is on the record, including who, how to create a record of achievements, how to evaluate performance, and so on. What values, what kind of Outlook. Adhere to people-oriented Outlook, is on the premise of respecting the interests and power of people, creating a popular, warm hearts, steady heart performance, creating \one officer, the benefit of\s, and overall construction of well-off society and promoting the all-round development of people's performance. Achievement evaluation in both economic accomplishments, take another look at the effectiveness of social progress; changes in both urban and rural change; both hard environment to strengthen and take another look at the soft environment improvement momentum of development at present, depending on the potential for sustainable development. Leave people to talk about \ople to talk about \ook\not what the performance. 4. people responded to the starting point of the question, and replied to questions point. Man is the sum of social relationships. We cannot leave the chichuanyongdu, housing, tourism and entertainment, entertaining, and even certain political, economic, cultural and social environment, and so on. Due to human needs, all walks of life will come into being. People create for their survival, and continue enjoying the results of the construction. Colorful in the transformation of the people of the world, community vitality in the creation of man. Therefore, any work we do, the starting point is human, what are people. Us speed up development, the core of which is to meet the needs of people, including survival needs, emotional needs and self-actualization needs. It should be noted that people are not machines, not the slave of an object, not to be controlled. People have their own personality, has its own personality, has its own dignity. Person in need of care, you need to understand, need to meet. It is said that in the \society, people plant\society, man is an animal\y, return三、设计（研究）的重点与难点，拟采用的途径（研究手段）： 重点与难点： l．建筑部分： 难点：方案设计：主要考虑建筑中各房间的布局要满足功能﹑人流﹑交通的要求，主要房间面积﹑高度，采光通风，以及放火疏散及安全都要满足规范，临街立面﹑出入口﹑建筑外形要考虑到地形和四周的公路的影响，以便于交通。 重点：建筑设计满足方案设计阶段﹑施工图设计阶段深度，具体要求参见《 建筑制图标准》（GB/T50104—2001） 构造大样：尽量选择难点﹑重点和特点，如屋顶檐口﹑高低跨处﹑变形缝处，外墙与框架梁板连接处。 2．结构部分： 难点：(1)确定结构平面布置。 (2)地震作用下的内力计算。 重点：(1)荷载计算： ①在竖向荷载作用下内力计算； ②在风荷载作用下内力计算； (2)内力组合 (3)框架梁，板，柱截面计算 途径与手段： 采用框架结构近似计算法，求竖向荷载作用下的内力用弯矩分配法；求水平荷载作用下的内力时，有D值法等。求水平地震作用的时候采用底部剪力法； 结合所学过的知识、通过查阅参考资料初步设计，再交指导老师审查，审查通过后，利用AutoCAD 、和手工完成绘图，利用Excel、word等完成设计说明书及其他内容的编写。 结构部分计算的大概步骤： 1）．初估梁柱截面尺寸 2). 荷载计算 3). 水平地震作用的侧移验算 4). 风荷载作用下的侧移验算 5). 水平地震作用下横向框架的内力计算 6). 竖向荷载作用下框架的内力计算 7). 框架梁柱配筋 8). 板的配筋计算 9). 楼梯配筋 10).基础的设计及配筋计算 ow, we are in a new historical stage of all-round construction of a well-off society. In perform duties, and carried out work of process in the, we to put people as a guide principles, and a test standard, efforts from masses most hope do of things do up, from masses most care of hot problem grabbed, from masses most not satisfaction of place modified up, not make nominal of formalism, not do grandstanding of cosmetic, to seeking of style, help masses share, is people benefit. (C) the investee people is not only an idea, it is a job requirement. Philosophy through to the people-oriented thought in the work of the Office, must be clear work objectives. Party Office in the city this year remains: Advanced civil strife, local brand. The County (City) Party Committee offices and units directly under the Office to hold high the banner of first to excellence, people-oriented requirements, strengthen the construction and management of the Office towards the work \her level\political participation based on conspiracy to adhere to people-oriented, will be around to promote coordinationDevelopment events, great searchings. The 16 session of the party's scientific Outlook on development, is the new Central collective leadership to the development of connotation, development essentials, further deepen the essence of development and innovation, is our party's ruling idea a leap. At present, establishing and implementing the scientific concept of development has become the party's important work. As the Office of party Committee, working party should service center, initiative to claim leadership of the decision, the current focus is to focus on promoting comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development with more suggestions, do more research, summarized the typical. One is drafted to raise the level of your presentation. our presentation is the main Office of \he basic carrier staff service, is important to measure service levels. The quality of your presentation, mainly depends on how much we drafted a document recognized by the leadership, how many are listening to the people in favour of the report, how many paid dividends in the practical work. Improve presentation drafting level, requirements we accurate grasp led intent, General led care of work are to as understand, General led consider of problem are to in-depth thinking; requirements we highlight place features, put superior approach policy and local actual combined up, put presentation of theme thrust and masses of by thought by wants to combined up; requirements we seeks to streamlined clear, with simple of language expression deep of thought, with short of length hosted rich of connotation. Second, the survey results more. Investigation of the base, the road to success is something, is our for the Party Committee's policy decision a good idea, an important part of a good staff. This year, to focus around industrial XING city, and farmers increase, and and manpower development, and seeking, major problem and foster advantage industry, and adjustment agricultural structure, and carried