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英语修辞手法 明喻

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.

标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如:

1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.

3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 隐喻,暗喻

隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如：

1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be

chewed and digested.

借喻,转喻

借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如:

1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.

2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.

III.以作者代替作品,例如:

a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:

I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力

气赚钱. 提喻

提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如:

1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人.

2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿.

3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分） 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 通感,联觉,移觉

这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。

通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。

例如:

1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花） 鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.

2>.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉） 品尝Mozart的音乐. 拟人

拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 例如:

1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化） 2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化） 夸张

夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 例如:

1>.I beg a thousand pardons.

2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 排比, 平行

这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体. 例如:

1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.

2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately. 委婉,婉辞法

婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话. 例如:

1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.

2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽. 3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. （去世） 讽喻,比方（原意“寓言”）

建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。

英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书

这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为\换个方式的说法\它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事. 例如:

1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.

表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草 真正意味：趁热打铁

2>.It's time to turn plough into sword. 表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑 反语

反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法. 例如:

1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.

早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念） 2>\waiter said to the beggar. 双关

双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现. 例如:

1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.

2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.

3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.