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摘 要

为了有效利用教室灯光、节约能源，设计了以AT89C2051单片机作为控制核心的教室灯光控制系统，能根据学校作息时间、光照情况自动调节教室灯光的打开或关闭。调试结果证明该系统具有很好的人机交互界面，能对教室灯光进行智能控制，且电路简单，成本低，节约能源，可移植性好。也可应用于图书馆、会议室、办公室、办公等场所，具有很好的实际应用价值和广泛的应用空间。

本课题针对教室灯光的控制，分析了教室灯光智能控制的原理和实现方法，提出了基于单片机设计教室灯光智能控制系统的思路，并在此基础上开发了智能控制系统的硬件模块和相应软件部分。

该系统以AT89S51单片机作为控制模块的核心部件，采用热释红外人体传感器检测人体的存在，采用光敏三极管构成的电路检测环境光的强度；根据教室合理开灯的条件，通过对人体存在信号和环境光信号的识别与判断，完成对教室灯光的智能控制，避免了教室用电的大量浪费。系统还具有报警功能；同时还采用了软/硬件的“看门狗”等抗干扰措施。

本系统程序部分采用C语言编写，采用模块化结构设计、条理清晰、通用性好，便于改进和扩充。该系统具有体积小，控制方便，可靠性高，针对性强，性价比高等优点，可以满足各类院校对教室灯光控制的要求，很大程度的达到节能目的。

关键词：智能控制器 热释红外传感器 单片机

Abstract

In order to make effective use of classroom lighting, energy saving, to design the AT89C2051 MCU as the control core of the lighting control system for classroom, according to the school calendar, light automatic adjustment of classroom lighting in the open or close. Debugging results show that the system has a very good man-machine interface, for classroom lighting intelligent control, and has the advantages of simple circuit, low cost, energy saving, good portability. Can also be applied in the library, conference room, office, office and other places, and has good practical application value and broad application space.

The topic for classroom lighting control, analysis of classroom lighting intelligent control principle and realization method, is put forward based on the SCM design classroom lighting intelligent control system of train of thought, and on this basis the development of the intelligent control system of the hardware module and the corresponding software.

The system is based on AT89S51 single chip microcomputer as control module is the core component, the pyroelectric infrared sensor to detect the presence of the human body, using photosensitive three transistor circuits to detect ambient light intensity; reasonable light conditions according to classroom, the human body through the presence of signals and ambient light signal recognition and judgement, completion of the classroom lighting intelligent control, to avoid the classroom electricity waste. The system also has the alarm function; it also uses soft / hardware\

The system uses C language, is designed with modular structure, clarity, good versatility, facilitate the improvement and expansion. The system has the advantages of small volume, convenient control, high reliability, strong pertinence, cost-effective advantages, can meet all kinds of institutions for classroom lighting control requirements, a large degree of achieving the purpose of energy saving.

Keywords: intelligent controller for pyroelectric infrared sensor chip

目 录

摘 要 ............................................................................................................................. I 引言 ...............................................................................................................................IV 1.1课题来源及背景 .................................................................................................IV 1.2国内外教室灯光控制器研究的现状及其存在的问题 .....................................IV 第一章 教室灯光控制器简介与方案分析 ................................................................... 1 1.1教室灯光控制器简介 ........................................................................................... 1 1.2系统控制方案分析 ............................................................................................... 1 第二章 系统控制模块的硬件设计 ............................................................................... 2 2.1系统控制模块的硬件构成及简介 ....................................................................... 2 2.2系统控制的主要硬件电路 ................................................................................... 2 2.2.1系统主控电路 ................................................................................................. 2 2.2.2系统供电电路 ................................................................................................. 3 2.2.3数据采集电路 ................................................................................................. 4 2.2.4系统时钟电路 ................................................................................................. 6 2.2.5继电器驱动电路 ............................................................................................. 7 2.2.6超时报警电路 ................................................................................................. 7 2.2.7按键控制电路 ................................................................................................. 8 2.2.8系统看门狗电路 ............................................................................................. 8 3.1系统监控主程序模块 ......................................................................................... 10 3.1.1系统自检初始化 ........................................................................................... 10 3.1.2定时中断处理设计 ....................................................................................... 11 3.2数据采集模块 ..................................................................................................... 11 3.2.1人体存在传感器的优缺点 ........................................................................... 11 3.2.2数据采集软件的实现 ................................................................................... 12 3.3时钟模块 ............................................................................................................. 12 3.3.1数据输入输出 ............................................................................................... 12 3.3.2时钟程序设计 ............................................................................................... 13 3.4显示驱动模块 ..................................................................................................... 16 第四章 系统调试运行及问题分析 ............................................................................. 16 4.1单片机系统调试方法及步骤 ............................................................................. 16 4.2主要问题分析 ..................................................................................................... 18 第五章 总结与展望 ..................................................................................................... 19 5.1总结 ..................................................................................................................... 19 5.2展望 ..................................................................................................................... 19 致 谢 ........................................................................................................................... 20 参考文献 ....................................................................................................................... 21