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发展心理学练习题幼儿

Multiple-Choice Questions（Chapter 8-10 ） Chapter 8 Physical Development in Early Childhood 3) The best way of estimating a child’s physical maturity is to use A) skeletal age. B) height. C) weight. D) head circumference. Answer: A Page Ref: 288 6) A chart representing overall changes in body size is known as a ________ curve. A) physical velocity B) general growth C) skeletal norm D) mean body length Answer: B Page Ref: 290 7) Neuroimaging studies show that brain metabolism reaches a peak around ________ years of age. A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6 Answer: B Page Ref: 290 8) An overproduction of ________ during early childhood supports the plasticity of the brain. A) axons B) glial cells C) dendrites D) synapses Answer: D Page Ref: 290-291 9) Synaptic pruning is the process by which A) neurons seldom stimulated lose their connective fibers. B) new synaptic connections are formed by environmental stimulation. C) the two brain hemispheres lateralize during early childhood. D) neural fibers become myelinated as a result of stimulation of the brain. Answer: A Page Ref: 291 11) Which of these developmental trends matches most closely with the maturation rates of the two hemispheres of the brain? A) Spatial skills develop very

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rapidly in early childhood. B) Language skills develop very rapidly in early childhood. C) Children show a strong hand preference from birth. D) Control over the arms develops before control over the feet. Answer: B Page Ref: 291 Chapter 9 Cognitive Development in Early Childhood 1) As children move from the sensorimotor to the preoperational stage, A) the use of objects in play becomes more functional and realistic. B) make-believe play diminishes. C) thinking becomes related to logical rules. D) symbolic mental activity increases. Answer: D Page Ref: 316 Skill: Conceptual Objective: 9.1 2) According to Piaget, the preoperational stage begins at ________ and ends at ________. A) birth; 4 years B) 2 years; 7 years C) 4 years; 6 years D) 7 years; 10 years Answer: B Page Ref: 317 9) ________ has/have been shown to strengthen attention, memory, logical reasoning, language, imagination, and creativity. A) Make-believe play B) Sensorimotor activity C) Fine motor tasks D) Animistic thinking Answer: A Page Ref: 317 14) Piaget used the term ________ to describe mental representations of actions that obey logical rules. A) operations B) function C) organization D) programs Answer: A Page Ref: 319 15) Three-year-old Cameron happily presents his mother with a toy truck on her birthday. According to Piaget, Cameron is

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demonstrating A) centration. B) the cardinality principle. C) egocentrism. D) animism. Answer: C Page Ref: 319 17) When 4-year-old Nicholas sees a tree blowing in the wind, he says, Look! The tree is waving at me! Nicholas is demonstrating A) dual representation. B) animistic thinking. C) centration. D) conservation. Answer: B Page Ref: 319-320 18) Hennie and Brendan have identical balls of playdough. After Brendan flattens his into a pancake, he believes that now he has more playdough than Hennie. Brendan lacks A) symbolism. B) centration. C) dual representation. D) conservation. Answer: D Page Ref: 320 19) Understanding that certain physical characteristics of objects remain the same even though their outward appearance has changed is A) animism. B) conservation. C) egocentrism. D) object permanence. Answer: B Page Ref: 320 39) Neo-Piagetian theorists combine Piaget’s stage approach with an emphasis on A) behavioral theory. B) ethology. C) psychoanalytic thought. D) information processing. Answer: D Page Ref: 327 52) According to Vygotsky, children speak to themselves A) because they are egocentric. B) because they are lonely. C) for self-guidance. D) for the pleasure of hearing their own voice. Answer: C Page Ref: 329 53) Self-directed

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