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高考能力测试构词法Word Formation

一．合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。

方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。 (1) 方式 合成adj

例词 1 adj＋adj red-hot 2 adj＋n first-class, part-time 3 adj＋现在good-looking, 分词 free-thinking, full-time, 4 adj＋过去ready-made 分词 5 adj＋n-ed good-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded 6 n＋n-ed 7 n＋adj iron-willed world-famous, day-long 8 n＋现在分beauty-loving, 词 freedom-loving, job-hunting, 9 n＋过去分man-made, water-covered, 词 10adv＋adj ever-green 11adv＋现在hard-working, far-seeing 分词 12adv＋过去well-prepared, 分词 quickly-cured, well-known 13 num＋ n five-year 14 num＋five-year-old n+adj 15num＋过去分four-legged, six-storied 词 (3)合成n 构成方式 1 n＋n 例词 horseback bank-note, newspaper, cellphone, 2 adj＋n back-yard, forehead, 3动名词＋n hiding reading-room 4 v＋adv 5 adv＋v get-off, break in, output, overflow place, , (2)合成动词

构成方式 1 n＋v 2 adv＋v 例词 day-dream overcome, upturn翻起 3 adj＋v white-wash (4)合成 adv however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever

(5)合成代词 whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, （6）合 成 介 词 inside在……里

后 缀 例 词 central, industrial, national, natural 形 -al 容 词 -an European, American, Australian -ern eastern, northern, southern -able reasonable, terrible, comfortable, sensible -ful careful, cheerful, grateful, faithful, -ish childish, Swedish, selfish -ive destructive, collective, horrible, believable, forgettable, active, creative, effective -y thirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny -less careless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless -en golden, wooden, woolen famous, -ous courageous, continuous, serious, various -ary imaginary, secondary -ic realistic, historic, poetic burdensome, revolutionary, -some troublesome, lonesome, handsome -like childlike, womanlike, manlike 二、派生 Derivation 前缀 含义 a- 处在…… en- 使可能 enrich, enable, enslave dis- 不，否dissatisfy, 定 disappear, disagree un- 不，做unable, unknown, dishonest, disorder, 例词 arise, aside, alone -ant ignorant, significant, observant, important -ent diligent, silent, excellent, frequent -ly lively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly -ish childish, foolish 相反动uncommon, uncomfortable, 作 unfair, unclose, uncover, untie in- 不，非 inactive, im- ir- il- incapable, undress, inpatient, incorrect impossible, impersonal, impolite, impractical irregular, irresponsible illogical, immature, non- 不，非 non-existent,non-interference, non-stop de- 向相反decentralize（分散）, 方向发defrost（解冻） non-conductor, 展 anti反（对） anti-freeze, - mis- 错anti-fascist 误misdoings, 的，坏misunderstand, 的 re misfortune remarry, 重复，rewrite, 再 reunite, recycle, co-exist, co-education co-operate, co- 共同 ex 以前的 ex-husband, ex-president telephone, telescope telegraph, tele 远程 super- 在上面，超级 supermarket, superpower, unde在……underline, r- 之下 underestimate, underground, inte相互，international, interact, r- 之间 inter-change submarine, sub- 下，次 subtitle, subconscious, subcontinent, tran过，穿transformation(变形), s- 过，变 translate vice-premier, vice副