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形容词和副词

一、形容词

高考分析：考查的重点是形容词的比较级和最高级，以及形容词的句法作用（修饰名词时误用副词，作表语时该用形容词时误用名词等）。 （一） 、形容词的句法作用:形容词在句中重要作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

1. 作定语

①Their heart-broken mother receives news about all her dead sons on the same day. 改错：Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. （2012全国卷改） 2．作表语

①I was glad to hear you’re alive and well.

改错：whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily. _______ 3. 作宾语补足语

①I thought I had made it very clear.

②-------what a nice fire you have in your fireplace! --------During the winter I like my house_______

A . warmly and comfortably B. warm and comfortable

C. warm and comfortably D. warmly and comfortable （2005上海） 4. 作状语:形容词作状语常用来表示主语的状态、性质、特征等；可位于句首或句末。

①The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked.

②After the long journey, the three of them went back home,________. A . hungry and tiredly B. hungry and tired

C .hungrily and tiredly D. hungrily and tired (2008北京)

（二） 、形容词作定语的位置

1. 多个形容词作前置定语时的排序：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老, 颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠

（综括性限定词（all both/all no/分数/倍数/百分数）+ 限定性形容词（指示代词/形容词性物主代词/名词所有格/冠词）+数词（序数词+基数词）

①Both his parents他的父母亲

②他在科学方面的全部贡献 . ③Eighty percent(of)the population 80%的人口 ④2/3的地球表面

⑤some other countries一些其他国家 Three other doctors其他的三个医生 ⑥另外两个新成员 . ⑦one such fountain一个这样的喷泉

⑧第三张褐色圆木桌

注意： 若两个或两个以上的颜色形容词修饰同一个名词， 须用and连接。

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例如: a black and white dress 一条黑白相间的裙子a red, green and yellow flag 一面红，绿，黄三色相间的旗子。

2. 后置定语

(1) 当形容词修饰something, anything, everything, something, somebody, nobody等不定代词时，形容词须后置。

①There is nothing important in today’s newspaper. ②About three years ago, something terrible happened to me.

(2) 以字母a开头的常作表语形容词（afraid, alone, awake, asleep, aware, alive, alike, ashamed, afloat, available等作定语时，一般后置。这些形容词还可作表语和补语。 ①He made full use of English reference books available and learned a lot.

②a girl afraid of dogs = a girl who is afraid of dogs I found her afraid of dogs

(3)形容词短语作定语时通常后置。

Heat is a form of energy different from light.

Some fish can produce sounds almost twice as loud as your speaking voice. 有些鱼发出的声音几乎是你说话声音的两倍。

3. 有些形容词既可作前置定语，又可作后置定语，但意义不同。 eg: the present situation a responsible person the people present at the meeting a person responsible for the work the concerned parents the problems concerned

二．副词

高考分析：以往副词的考点是比较级和最高级，但近三年来考查的重点开始转向副词的句法作用，即副词不仅可以修饰动词、形容词等，还可以修饰整个句子。 （一）副词的句法作用：在句中主要作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语。 1.作状语

（1）副词作状语用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词

①They are so lazy. ②They could go anywhere they wished. ③He runs very fast. (2)副词用来修饰整个句子的三种情况

①表逻辑连接关系（therefore, however, otherwise, furthermore?） Eg: Therefore, we have to come here again tomorrow.

②表评述或说话人的态度（luckily, fortunately, strangely, importantly?） Eg:Importantly, we tried out best.

③表方式（surprisingly, sadly, happily, astonishingly?）

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Eg：Surprisingly, he agreed straight away.

改错：①Interesting, it had a connection with the British porcelain(瓷器)industry.

(2013全国改)

②My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in a short period of time. Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady…_________ （2016全国改） 2.作表语

①I thought my life was over. ② Tomorrow we are off to another museum in America. 3.作定 ①I hope you’ll enjoy your stay here. 4.作宾语补足语

①I am very happy to see you back. ②Keep the light on if you feel afraid. （二）、副词的位置

1. 英语里副词在句中的位置非常灵活。一般而言，多数副词放在修饰词后面或句末；频度副词（often, never等）以及程度副词（almost, still, just, suddenly等）一般放在实义动词前、助动词或系动词后；疑问副词和句子副词一般放句首。例如：The peasants there are busy digging a canal now./ He met his uncle on the way home./ She never gets up early on Sundays./I almost forgot about it./ How are you? Ex: Are friendly to you?

A. the people there B. the there people C. there the people D. there people 拓展：

1.有些连词也可以作副词，但作副词时，常放在句末，如：though, (ever) since, in case等。

She promised to phone. I heard nothing, though.

= He came to this school in 1988. He has been working here (ever) since. = I don’t think it will rain, but I will take my umbrella, just in case. =

2. enough即可作副词修饰形容词和副词或动词，须后置，又可作形容词修饰名词,前置后置皆可。

Eg:① I hadn’t trained enough for the game. ②You are old enough to go to school. ③There was food enough/ enough food

注意：cannot/ can never与enough/too 连用，意为“再……也不为过” Tr: ①You cannot be careful enough ②I can’t thank you too much ③Trees are good for man. We can’t plant them many. A. so B. such C. too D. enough ④In a relay race, a player can’t run fast .

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