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题 目

毕业设计（论文）

统计假设检验原理及其在测量中的应用

摘 要

测量是一门对精度要求很高的学科，而这些误差来源是影响精度的主要发生范畴，搞清其误差来源，并通过适当的方法进行解决处理，对提高测量的精度有很大的帮助。

该论文研究主要就是基于统计假设检验的应用，搞清其原理和方法将其运用到测绘学科当中，用以解决误差因素对测量精度的影响。统计假设检验的方法主要有：ｕ型检验法、ｔ型检验法、卡方检验法、F型检验法等。假设检验在测量中的主要应用包括对测量仪器常数的假设检验、起算数据假设检验、控制网及其基准点稳定性的检验等。

关键词 ：统计假设检验，假设检验方法，测量仪器常数，数据处理，测量控制网

Abstract

Measurement is a great accuracy demanding discipline, and these error sources are mainly of category, figure out the error sources, and through the appropriate method to solve processing, is of great help to improve the accuracy of measurement.

The paper research is mainly based on the application of statistical hypothesis test, understand the principles and methods applied to the disciplines of surveying and mapping, in order to solve the error factors influencing the accuracy of measurement. Statistical hypothesis testing methods mainly include: u test, t test and chi-square test, F test, etc. Hypothesis test in the measurement of the main applications include the measurement instrument in the constant hypothesis test, hypothesis test, the initial datum control network and the test on the stability of the reference point, etc.

Key words: statistical hypothesis test, the hypothesis test method, measuring instrument constants, data processing, measuring control network

目 录

1、绪论 ................................................................................................................................................ 1 2、统计假设检验原理 ........................................................................................................................ 2

2.1、统计假设检验的基本原理 ................................................................................................ 2 2.2、统计假设检验的类型与基本步骤 .................................................................................... 2 2.3、统计假设检验的基本方法 ................................................................................................ 4

2.3.1、u型检验法 ............................................................................................................. 4