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ndoverallleadershipresponsibilityforsafety.AdministrativeDeputyiswithinthescopeoftheirrespectiveresponsibilitiesatvariouslevelsofsecurityresponsibility,inchargeofsecurityworkinthecontextofleadership,responsibletotheChief.Fifthopenpitproductionsafetyaccidentinvestigationsystem,performedonaproductionsafetyaccident\dentreportstepbystepreportingthreechannels,namely,UnitChief,administrationandsafetysupervisionsystemcounterparttosuperiorleadership,reportsinatimelymanner.Sixthpitmustimplementthe\nchargeofwho'sincharge\besafe\nning,layout,checkproductionwork,summarizedandevaluatedatthesametime,plans,features,review,summary,ratingsafetywork.Firmlyestablishing\ness,safetyisthecredibility,safetyisthecompetitiveness\ss,tomakesafetywork.Seventhminingtradeunionorganizationaccordingtolawtheworkerstoparticipateintheworksafetyofdemocraticmanagementanddemocraticsupervision,safeguardworkers'legitimaterightsandinterestsinrespectofsafety.PersonaldeathandaTradeUnionhastherighttoparticipateinthemajoraccidentinvestigations,relyonthemassestodoproductionsafetywork.Eighthpitmustbebasedonrelevantlawsandregulations,industrystandardsandcompanyandGod'sstandards,rulesandregulationsissuedbythecompany,developingrulesandregulationsforcoalproduction,institutionalizationan 隧道洞口、明洞开挖作业指导书

1.编制目的

明确隧道洞口、明洞开挖作业的工艺流程、操作要点、工艺标准和施工安全，规范隧道洞口、明洞开挖作业施工。 2.适用范围

灰窑子隧道、韩杖子隧道洞口开挖及明洞开挖。 3.编制依据

《公路隧道施工技术规范》 《公路工程质量检验评定标准》

《建兴高速施工图设计文件》及其他相关要求 4.施工准备 4.1机械准备

隧道工程投入的机械设备应根据工期要求合理配备。 4.2资料准备

设计图纸已自审、会审和交底，隧道技术交底已完成；开工报告已经审批，用于工程的原材料已经检验合格。 4.3辅助工程

隧道进洞口的路基已经开挖完毕，隧道工区建设，施工场地已经完成； 隧道出渣便道，材料运输便道已经打通，隧道临时用水、临时用电已经接通。

5.施工方法及工艺流程 5.1施工原则

为确保施工安全，采用远距离定点撤人放炮，严格贯彻执行：短进尺、弱爆破、边开挖边刷坡边支护。 5.2施工工艺流程

ndoverallleadershipresponsibilityforsafety.AdministrativeDeputyiswithinthescopeoftheirrespectiveresponsibilitiesatvariouslevelsofsecurityresponsibility,inchargeofsecurityworkinthecontextofleadership,responsibletotheChief.Fifthopenpitproductionsafetyaccidentinvestigationsystem,performedonaproductionsafetyaccident\ourno\dentreportstepbystepreportingthreechannels,namely,UnitChief,administrationandsafetysupervisionsystemcounterparttosuperiorleadership,reportsinatimelymanner.Sixthpitmustimplementthe\nchargeofwho'sincharge\d\besafe\nning,layout,checkproductionwork,summarizedandevaluatedatthesametime,plans,features,review,summary,ratingsafetywork.Firmlyestablishing\ness,safetyisthecredibility,safetyisthecompetitiveness\ss,tomakesafetywork.Seventhminingtradeunionorganizationaccordingtolawtheworkerstoparticipateintheworksafetyofdemocraticmanagementanddemocraticsupervision,safeguardworkers'legitimaterightsandinterestsinrespectofsafety.PersonaldeathandaTradeUnionhastherighttoparticipateinthemajoraccidentinvestigations,relyonthemassestodoproductionsafetywork.Eighthpitmustbebasedonrelevantlawsandregulations,industrystandardsandcompanyandGod'sstandards,rulesandregulationsissuedbythecompany,developingrulesandregulationsforcoalproduction,institutionalizationan

5.3洞口及明洞施工

处理 合格 不合格 处理危石、地表清理 测量放线 施作截水天沟 分层开挖 清扫坡面 检查开挖边缘线、坡度 合格 锚杆施工 挂钢筋网片 自检 合格 报监理检查 合格 喷砼 不合格 处理 不合格 洞口及明洞施工总体施工原则，边开挖边防护，由开口线向下开挖、刷坡、打锚杆、挂网、喷砼，完成这一循环施工再按上述原则进行下一循环施工。

5.3.1测量放样

检查坡度、坡面稳定性，用全站仪测量定出边仰坡边桩，连接桩位用石灰粉划线，此线即为边仰坡的开挖轮廓线。 5.3.2洞口及明洞开挖

ndoverallleadershipresponsibilityforsafety.AdministrativeDeputyiswithinthescopeoftheirrespectiveresponsibilitiesatvariouslevelsofsecurityresponsibility,inchargeofsecurityworkinthecontextofleadership,responsibletotheChief.Fifthopenpitproductionsafetyaccidentinvestigationsystem,performedonaproductionsafetyaccident\dentreportstepbystepreportingthreechannels,namely,UnitChief,administrationandsafetysupervisionsystemcounterparttosuperiorleadership,reportsinatimelymanner.Sixthpitmustimplementthe\nchargeofwho'sincharge\besafe\nning,layout,checkproductionwork,summarizedandevaluatedatthesametime,plans,features,review,summary,ratingsafetywork.Firmlyestablishing\ness,safetyisthecredibility,safetyisthecompetitiveness\ss,tomakesafetywork.Seventhminingtradeunionorganizationaccordingtolawtheworkerstoparticipateintheworksafetyofdemocraticmanagementanddemocraticsupervision,safeguardworkers'legitimaterightsandinterestsinrespectofsafety.PersonaldeathandaTradeUnionhastherighttoparticipateinthemajoraccidentinvestigations,relyonthemassestodoproductionsafetywork.Eighthpitmustbebasedonrelevantlawsandregulations,industrystandardsandcompanyandGod'sstandards,rulesandregulationsissuedbythecompany,developingrulesandregulationsforcoalproduction,institutionalizationa中交一公局海威公司项目经理部

开挖前，在边仰坡开挖轮廓线外5～10m施作截水天沟，截水天沟先采用M10抹面，以利截排水，待边仰坡稳定后施作钢筋混凝土截水天沟。同时将洞口段开挖线以外10～30米范围的漏斗、洼地、危石等进行处理，防止地表水向下渗漏或陷穴等继续扩大影响隧道安全，确保边仰坡稳定。

洞口土方开挖以人工配合机械自上而下分层分台阶开挖，开挖台阶长度5～10m,分层开挖深度为3～3.5m。严禁掏底开挖或上下重叠开挖，结合正洞开挖方法，预留进洞台阶，形成进洞面及边仰坡。

洞口及明洞土方开挖施工时，边仰坡应预留约30cm的整修层，采用人工按设计仰坡坡比（1：0.75）刷坡并及时夯实整修成型，防止超挖，保证边仰坡平顺，坡率符合设计要求。

洞口石方开挖需爆破时宜采用浅孔小台阶爆破，严禁采用洞室爆破，边仰坡开挖应采用松动控制爆破并预留光爆层，光面爆破成型。爆破装药深度为炮眼深度的1/3，严禁超量装药，影响边坡的稳定，爆破后应及时清除松动石块。

开挖中随时检查边仰坡、如有滑动、开裂等现象，应放缓坡率保证边仰坡稳定和施工安全。开挖至边墙基础标高时，检查基础承载力是否符合设计要求，承载力低时应根据设计要求采取加固措施。

开挖土石方采用挖掘机、装载机装渣，自卸车运输至渣场弃渣。 开挖后坡面应稳定，平整、美观。 5.3.3锚杆施工

锚杆施工在边坡开挖成形后进行施做，锚杆施工前应做好以下准备工作：

a.检查锚杆材料、类型、规格、质量及性能是否符合设计要求； b.根据锚杆类型、规格及围岩情况选择钻孔机具； c.按设计要求截取锚杆，并调直、除锈和除油；

钻孔前按设计要求标出孔位，作出标记，孔位允许偏差±15㎜。 钻孔方向要尽量与岩面垂直，呈梅花型布置，间距150（环向）×150（纵向）cm。

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