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12. jet grouting高压喷射注浆法

13. rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法 14. lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩

lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩 lime soil pile灰土挤密桩

15. chemical stabilization化学加固法 16. surface compaction 表层压实法 17. surcharge preloading超载预压法 vacuum preloading真空预压法 18. sand wick袋装砂井

19. geofabric ,geotextile土工织物 20. composite foundation复合地基 21. reinforcement method加筋法

22. dewatering method降低地下水固结法 23. freezing and heating冷热处理法

24. expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理 25. ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理 26. collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理 27. artificial foundation人工地基

natural foundation天然地基 28. pillow褥垫

29. soft clay ground软土地基 30. sand drain砂井 31. root pile树根桩

32. plastic drain塑料排水带 33. stone column碎石桩

gravel pile碎石桩

34. replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率 九．固结consolidation

1. Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论 2. Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论 3. Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论 4. over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比 5. overconsolidation soil超固结土 6. excess pore water pressure超孔压力

7. multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结 8. one-dimensional consolidation一维固结 9. primary consolidation主固结 10. secondary consolidation次固结 11. degree of consolidation固结度 12. consolidation test固结试验 13. consolidation curve固结曲线 14. time factor Tv时间因子

15. coefficient of consolidation固结系数 16. preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力 17. principle of effective stress有效应力原理 18. consolidation under K0 condition K0固结 十．抗剪强度shear strength

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度 residual strength残余强度 long-term strength长期强度 peak strength峰值强度

shear strain rate剪切应变强度 dilatation剪胀

effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法 Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论 angle of internal friction 内摩擦角 cohesion粘聚力

failure criterion破坏准则

vane strength十字板抗剪强度

unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度

effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线 effective stress strength parameter

十一.本构模型 constitutive method

1. elastic model弹性模型

2. nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型 3. elastoplastic model弹塑性模型 4. viscoelastic model粘弹性模型

5. boundary surface model边界面模型 6. Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型 7. rigid plastic model刚塑性模型 8. cap model盖帽模型 9. work softening加工软化 10. work hardening加工硬化 11. Cambridge model剑桥模型

12. ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型

13. Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则 14. yield surface屈服面

15. elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型 16. elastic modulus弹性模量

17. Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型 十二.地基承载力 bearing capacity of foundation soil

1. punching shear failure冲剪破坏

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. general shear failure整体剪切破化 local shear failure局部剪切破坏

state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态 critical edge pressure临塑荷载

stability of foundation soil地基稳定性

ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力 allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力

十三.土压力 earth pressure

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

active earth pressure主动土压力 passive earth pressure被动土压力 earth pressure at rest静止土压力

Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论 Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论

十四.土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

angle of repose休止角 Bishop method毕肖普法

safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数 Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法 Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法 slices method

十五.挡土墙retaining wall

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性 foundation wall基础墙

counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙 cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙 cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙 gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙

anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙 anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙

十六.板桩结构物 sheet pile structure

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

steel sheet pile钢板桩

reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩 steel piles钢桩

wooden sheet pile木板桩 timber piles木桩

十七.浅基础 shallow foundation

1. box foundation箱型基础

2. mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3. strip foundation条形基础

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. spread footing扩展基础

compensated foundation补偿性基础 bearing stratum持力层 rigid foundation刚性基础 flexible foundation柔性基础

embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 net foundation pressure基底附加应力

structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析

十八.土的动力性质 dynamic properties of soils

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

dynamic strength of soils动强度 wave velocity method波速法 material damping材料阻尼 geometric damping几何阻尼 damping ratio阻尼比

initial liquefaction初始液化

natural period of soil site地基固有强度 dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切强度 dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素 liquefaction strength抗液化强度 dimensionless frequency无量纲频率 evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价 stress wave in soils土中应力波 dynamic settlement振幅

十九.动力机器基础

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

equivalent lumped parameter method 等效集总参数法 dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法 vibration isolation隔振

foundation vibration基础振动

elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论 allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动频率振幅 natural frequency of foundation基础自震频率

二十.地基基础抗震

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

earthquake engineering地震工程 soil dynamics土动力学

duration of earthquake地震持续时间 earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱 earthquake intensity地震烈度 earthquake magnitude震级

seismic predominant period地震卓越周期

maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度

二十一.室内土工实验

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验 consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 falling head permeability变水头试验

constant head permeability常水头渗透试验

unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验 consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验 consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验 compaction test击实试验

consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验 quick direct shear test快剪试验

consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验 sieve analysis筛分析

geotechnical model test土工模型试验 centrifugal model test离心模型试验 direct shear apparatus直剪仪 direct shear test直剪试验

direct simple shear test直接单剪试验 dynamic triaxial test三轴试验 dynamic simple shear动单剪

free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验

二十二.原位测试

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

standard penetration test(SPT) 标准灌入试验 surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验

dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验 static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验 plate loading test 静力荷载试验 lateral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验 static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验 cross-hole test 跨孔试验 screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验 pressuremeter test 旁压试验 light sounding 轻便触探试验 deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测 vane shear test 十字板剪切试验 field permeability test 现场渗透试验 in-site pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测 in-site soil test 原位试验

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