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of the students‘ educational careers—during the first two years, when they most need close, even individual, instruction. If lecture classes were restrictod to juniors and seniors, who are less in need of scholarly nurturing and more able to prepare work on their own, they would be far less destructive of students‘ interests and enthusiasms than the present system. After all, students much learn to listen before they can listen to learn.

讲课这一方式不会完全从大学消失。一是因为讲课似乎从经济角度考虑是必需的，二是讲课起源于悠久的传统，而且人们又把传统本身看得很重。但是，讲课通常出现在学生接受教育生涯的错误的那一端------在大学的第一和第二年。那时他们最需要密切是甚至是针对个体的辅导。如果讲课这一形式局限于三、四年级的学生，则对学生的兴趣和热情的破坏力会比目前的制度小得多，因为三、四年级的学生不太需要学科上的指导与帮助，而且更有能力自己制定学习计划。毕竟，学生在能够从听讲课中学到知识之前必须先学会去听。

2 家与旅行 Margaret Mead

1、For many people, moving is one kind of thing and travel is something very different. Travel means going away from home and

staying away from home; it is an antidote to the humdrum activities of everyday life, a prelude to a holiday one is entitled to enjoy after months of dullness. Moving means breaking up a home, sadly or joyfully breaking with the past; a happy venture or a hardship, something to be endured with good or ill grace.

对许多人来说，搬家和施行是截然不同的两回事，施行意味着离开家外出一段时日。它是摆脱日常单调生活的一种手段，是经过数月乏味的生活之后一个人应该开始享有的度假生活。面对于搬家，有人喜爱有人厌恶，因为它意味着破坏一个家园，或悲伤或兴高采烈地摆脱过去而踏上也许幸福也许艰难的历险征途。

4、Every winter we went to live in or near Philadelphia so that Father would not have to travel too far or stay in the city on the nights that he lectured at the University. From the time I was seven years old, we went somewhere for the summer, too. So we moved four times a year, because for the fall and spring we returned to the house in Hammonton.

每年冬天我们都会去费城或附近居住。这样父亲到大学讲学就不必走很远的路。也不必在城里过夜。从我7岁起，每年夏天我们也会去其他地方居住。这样，我们一年要搬4次家，因为秋天和春天我们会搬回到哈蒙顿的家。

7、In Hammonton we had five whole acres, a good part of

which was second-growth bush, studded with blueberries, which the little Italian children who were our neighbors picked and sold back to us. In Lansdowne and Swarthmore there were bits of woodlot. But in Philadelphia there was nothing, only stone walls of different heights on which to walk. Nothing, except for the winter when we lived at the edge of the park near the zoo.

在哈蒙顿，我们拥有整整5英亩土地，其中很大一部分是再生灌木丛，里面点缀着蓝莓。邻居的意大利小孩会采摘蓝莓的果实再卖给我们。在Lansdowne和Swartthmore我们有些植林地。但在费城却什么也没有，只有高高矮矮的石头墙，上面可以走路，其它什么都没有了。不过冬天当我们住在动物园附近公园边上的时候是要除外的。

12、There were treasures on Mother‘s dressing table, too — a Wedgwood pin dish, a little porcelain Mary and her lamb, the pale green, flowered top of a rose bowl that had broken, and Mother‘s silver-backed comb and brush and mirror. All these things held meaning for me. Each was — and still is — capable of evoking a rush of memories.

母亲的梳妆台上摆放着一些珍藏的物品—一个韦奇伍德的放别针的小碟，一个小小的“玛丽和她的小绵羊”的瓷器制品。一个里面镶花但己破碎的浅绿色的玫瑰碗，以及母亲那把镀银的

梳子，刷子和镜子。所有这些对我都深有含义，每件东西都曾经并且仍然能够勾起我串串回忆。

13、Taken altogether, the things that mattered a great deal to me when I was a child are very few when I compare them to the overloaded tables and overcrowded shelves through which children today have to thread their way. Only if they are very fortunate will they be able to weave together into memories the ill-assorted mass of gadgets, toys, and easily forgotten objects, objects without a past or a future, and piles of snapshots that will be replaced by new, brightly colored snapshots next year.

现在的孩子书桌和书架上都堆满了东西。和他们比起来，童年时对我有意义的东西加在一起也没有几件。但是只有当他们非常幸运的时候，他们记忆中才有可能出现那些杂乱无章的小玩意、玩具、容易被人遗忘的没有过去和未来的东西和一叠叠第二年就会被更新更好看的照片所取代的照片。

14、The difficulty, it seems to me, is not — as so many older people claim— that in the past life was simple and there were fewer things, and so people were somehow better, as well as more frugal. It is, rather, that today‘s children have to find new ways of anchoring the changing moments of their lives, and they have to try to do this

with very little help from their elders, who grew up in an extraordinarily different world. How many of the young people who are rebelling against the tyranny of things, who want to strip their lives down to contents of a rucksack, can remember and name the things that lay on their mother‘s dress table or can describe every toy and book they had as a child?

我认为问题的症结并不是许多年纪大的人所认为的那样：认为过去生活很简单，物质也不够丰富，所以人们反而生活得比现在更好更简朴。关键是现在的孩子不得不找到新的方式来适应他们生活中变化的时刻，而且他们还不得不尝试着在没有得到家长多少帮助的情况下做到这点，因为家长们的成长环境和他们现在的环境大相径庭。这些年轻人正在反抗着控制他们的专治。他们想把生活的内容简单到只需一个帆布背包就能容纳。他们中有多少人能记得并说出他们母亲梳妆台上的东西，又有多少人能描绘孩提时所拥有的每一个玩具和每一本书呢？

15、It has been found that when desperate, unhappy youngsters are preparing to break away from a disordered, drug-ridden commune in which they have been living for months, they first gather together in one spot their few possessions and introduce a semblance of order among them. The need to define who you are by the place in which you live remains intact, even when that place is