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Section ⅠUse of English

Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C]

or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）

①The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. ②The

court cannot 1 its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law 2 justices behave like politicians. ③Yet,

in several instances, justices acted in ways that 3 the court’s reputation for being independent and 69 impartial.

④Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. ⑤That kind of activity makes it less

likely that the court’s decisions will be 4 as impartial judgments. ⑥Part of the problem is that the justices

are not 5 by an ethics code. ⑦At the very least, the court should make itself 6 to the code of conduct that 7 to the rest of the federal judiciary.

⑧This and other similar cases 8 the question of whether there is still a 9 between the court and politics.

⑨The framers of the Constitution envisioned law 10 having authority apart from politics. ⑩They gave justices permanent positions 11 they would be free to 12 those in power and have no need to

13 political support. ?Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely 14 .

?Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social 15 like

liberty and property. ?When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it 16 is

inescapably

political—which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily 17 as unjust. ?The justices must 18 doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves 19 to the code of conduct. ?That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, 20 ,

convincing as law. [276 words]

1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize 2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless

3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated 4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted 5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded 6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone 7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]leads [D]applies 8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle 9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict 10. [A]by [B]as [C]through [D]towards 11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though 12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace 13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer 14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied 15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conventions 16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls 17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted 18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore

19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable 20. [A]by all means [B]at all costs [C]in a word [D]as a result Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A

Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing ［A］,［B］,［C］

or［D］. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1

①Come on—Everybody’s doing it.②That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what

most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. ③It usually leads to no good—drinking, drugs and

casual sex. ④But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a

positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group

dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.

①Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action: In 70

South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make

cigarettes uncool. ②In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to

promote safe sex among their peers.

①The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. ②Her critique of the lameness of

many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they

demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. ③“Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!”

pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers —teenagers, who desire nothing

more than fitting in.④Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from

advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

①But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. ②Join the Club is

filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make

peer pressure so powerful. ③The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t

work very well for very long. ④Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. ⑤Evidence that the

LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.

①There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. ②An emerging body

of research shows that positive health habits—as well as negative ones—spread through networks of friends via

social communication. ③This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.

①Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and

steer their activities in virtuous directions. ②It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back

row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. ③The tactic never really works. ④And that’s the

problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing

our own friends. [432 words]

21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as [A] a supplement to the social cure. [B] a stimulus to group dynamics. [C] an obstacle to school progress.

[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors.

22. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should [A] recruit professional advertisers. [B] learn from advertisers’ experience. [C] stay away from commercial advertisers. [D] recognize the limitations of advertisements. 23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to [A] adequately probe social and biological factors. [B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure. [C] illustrate the functions of state funding. [D]produce a long-lasting social effect.

24. Paragraph 5 shows that our imitation of behaviors [A] is harmful to our networks of friends. [B] will mislead behavioral studies. [C] occurs without our realizing it. [D] can produce negative health habits.

25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is [A] harmful. [B] desirable. [C] profound. [D] questionable. 71 Text 2

①A deal is a deal—except, apparently, when Entergy is involved. ②The company, a major energy supplier

in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a